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. 2021 Nov 4;19:163. doi: 10.1186/s12958-021-00845-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Calcium oscillation pattern analysis. A Representative calcium oscillation patterns for the calcium frequency scoring following normal mouse spermatozoa. The frequency score per oocyte is given based on the number of calcium rises seen during the 1 h measuring period: ‘+++’, > 8 spikes; ‘++’, 4–8 spikes; ‘+’, 1-3 spikes; ‘0’, no calcium spikes seen. B Frequency scoring of the calcium oscillations following normal mouse spermatozoa or oocyte activation-deficient mouse spermatozoa ICSI with different concentration of ionomycin. * indicates distribution of frequency pattern significant differences compared to ICSI group, P < 0.05