Table 4.
Longitudinal association of systolic blood pressure with cognition change at a 5-year follow-up (N = 830)
| Cognitive domains (Beta 95% CI, per 10 mmHg SBP) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Episodic memory | Processing speed/VMI | |||
| Hypertension meds | − | + | − | + |
| Model 1 | −0.0134 (−0.0443, 0.0175) | −0.0129 (−0.0446; 0.0188) | −0.0243 (−0.0495, 0.0008) | −0.0200 (−0.0457; 0.0057) |
| Model 2 | −0.0222 (−0.0540, 0.0097) | −0.0206 (−0.0532; 0.0121) | −0.0262 (−0.0520, −0.0006)* | −0.0219 (−0.0481; 0.0044) |
| Model 3 | −0.0200 (−0.0517, 0.0117) | −0.0190 (−0.0514; 0.0135) | −0.0258 (−0.0515, −0.00004)* | −0.0215 (−0.0477; 0.0047) |
| Model 4 | −0.0193 (−0.0513, 0.0127) | −0.0184 (−0.0512; 0.0143) | −0.0290 (−0.0555, −0.0025)* | −0.0239 (−0.0509; 0.0031) |
| Word fluency/semantic memory | Executive function | |||
| Hypertension meds | − | + | − | + |
| Model 1 | −0.0113 (−0.0362, 0.0137) | −0.0131 (−0.0386; 0.0124) | 0.0142 (−0.0162, 0.0447) | 0.0156 (−0.0156; 0.0468) |
| Model 2 | −0.0150 (−0.0408, 0.0108) | −0.0156 (−0.0419; 0.0107) | 0.0189 (−0.0123, 0.0501) | 0.0197 (−0.0122; 0.0517) |
| Model 3 | −0.0138 (−0.0395, 0.0119) | −0.0148 (−0.0410; 0.0114) | 0.0195 (−0.0118, 0.0507) | 0.0202 (−0.0118; 0.0522) |
| Model 4 | −0.0149 (−0.0414, 0.0116) | −0.0161 (−0.0431; 0.0109) | 0.0183 (−0.0136, 0.0502) | 0.0170 (−0.0158; 0.0497) |
*
p≤0.05
**
p≤0.01
***
p<0.001.
Model 1: adjusted for age, education, sex, race-ethnicity, APOE genotype with/without anti-hypertension medications. Model 2: model 2 additionally adjusted for BMI, smoking status, blood glucose, and cholesterol levels with/without anti-hypertension medications. Model 3: model 3 additionally adjusted for white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) corrected by total cranial volume, with/without anti-hypertension medications. Model 4: model 4 additionally adjusted for total carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT), with/without anti-hypertension medications.