Fig 1. Study design.

Across Eurasia, multiple sites will be established by voluntary participants (marks on the map). Each site will encompass at least eight plots, which constitute four replicates of two revegetation methods (S = seeding, P = planting). Each plot will contain nine plant-points with a target number of one sown or planted individual. A site may contain more species, in which case the number of plots would be 8 × the number of species. The map shows hypothetical locations; an updated map showing the location of sites can be found here.