Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of children with imperforate anus.

	Imperforate anus
	Low-position	High-position
	N=489	N=124
	n (%)	n (%)	P-value
Age (years), mean (SD)∗	2.45 (3.91)	2.28 (2.98)	.65
Sex			.72
Female	198 (40.5)	48 (38.7)
Male	291 (59.5)	76 (61.3)
CAKUT(except VUR)	71 (14.5)	30 (24.2)	.095
Renal agenesis and dysgenesis	10 (2.0)	3 (2.4)	.73
Renal dysplasia	1 (0.2)	0 (0.0)	–
Obstruction of ureter	6 (0.1.2)	0 (0.0)	–
Hydronephrosis	58 (11.9)	24 (19.4)	.03
Others	3 (0.6)	1 (0.8)	.41
Vesicoureteral reflux	50 (10.2)	29 (23.4)	< .001
Primary	15 (3.1)	9 (7.3)	.03
Secondary	35 (7.2)	20 (16.1)	.002
Urinary tract infection	238 (48.7)	91 (73.4)	< .001
Neurogenic bladder	43 ( 8.79)	14 ( 11.29)	.39
Atonic neurogenic bladder	1 (0.2)	0 (0.0)	–
CES with neurogenic bladder	16 (3.3)	5 (4.0)	.68
Others	26 (5.3)	9 (7.3)	.41
Chromosomal anomaly	13 (2.7)	9 (7.3)	.01
Down syndrome	3 (0.6)	6 (4.8)	.003

Chi-square test was performed.

^∗t-test was performed.

CAKUT(except VUR) = congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract excepted those with vesicourethral reflux, CES = cauda equina syndrome.