Table 3.
Correlation between clinical characteristics and CT findings in COVID-19.
| Correlation coefficient r | ||||||||||
| Characteristics | Lobes involved by GGO | GGO in 2 lungs | Relation between GGO and pleurae | Paralleled long diameters in GGO and pleurae | GGO density | GGO margin | GGO fusion | Thickened interlobular septa in GGO | GGO distribution along the bronchial vascular bundles | CT scores |
| Age, yrs | 0.205∗∗ | 0.226∗∗ | 0.139∗ | 0.136∗ | 0.163∗ | -0.043 | 0.161∗ | 0.171∗ | 0.142∗ | 0.248∗∗∗ |
| Pulse, times/min | –0.109 | –0.131 | –0.14∗ | –0.049 | 0.098 | 0.039 | –0.077 | 0.04 | –0.049 | –0.018 |
| SBP, mm Hg | –0.075 | –0.05 | –0.093 | –0.012 | –0.034 | –0.09 | –0.029 | –0.001 | 0.056 | 0.006 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 0.006 | –0.069 | –0.085 | –0.073 | 0.017 | –0.082 | 0.003 | –0.104 | –0.031 | 0.022 |
| RR, times/min | 0.026 | –0.013 | 0.025 | 0.015 | –0.085 | –0.012 | –0.084 | –0.05 | –0.053 | 0.097 |
| SpO2, % | –0.059 | –0.105 | –0.025 | –0.072 | –0.09 | 0.053 | –0.063 | –0.141∗ | 0.057 | 0.037 |
| Body temperature, °C | 0.1 | 0.011 | 0.086 | 0.037 | –0.028 | 0.066 | 0.011 | 0.055 | –0.001 | 0.104 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 0.049 | 0.02 | 0.147∗ | 0.103 | –0.047 | –0.048 | 0.001 | –0.018 | 0.077 | 0.047 |
| RBC, 1012/L | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.108 | 0.063 | 0.055 | 0.004 | –0.025 | 0.001 | 0.044 | 0.056 |
| WBC, 109/L | –0.029 | –0.108 | –0.027 | –0.005 | –0.078 | –0.054 | –0.114 | –0.102 | –0.014 | –0.013 |
| Platelets, 109/L | –0.152∗ | –0.208∗∗ | –0.237∗∗∗ | –0.205∗∗ | –0.112 | –0.092 | –0.112 | –0.09 | –0.173∗∗ | –0.172∗ |
| Neutrophil count, 109/L | 0.11 | –0.008 | 0.056 | 0.048 | –0.026 | –0.014 | –0.045 | –0.05 | 0.056 | 0.145∗ |
| Lymphocyte count, 109/L | –0.378∗∗∗ | –0.249∗∗∗ | –0.270∗∗∗ | –0.187∗∗ | –0.209∗∗ | –0.082 | –0.249∗∗∗ | –0.169∗ | –0.165∗ | –0.381∗∗∗ |
| Albumin, g/L | –0.223∗ | –0.159 | –0.171 | –0.163 | –0.008 | –0.041 | –0.078 | –0.068 | –0.044 | –0.235∗ |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L | –0.002 | 0.045 | –0.036 | –0.015 | –0.117 | –0.071 | 0.163 | –0.009 | 0.085 | –0.024 |
| Serum potassium, mmol/L | –0.078 | –0.126 | –0.089 | 0.003 | 0.03 | 0.029 | –0.075 | –0.11 | –0.046 | –0.072 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | –0.337∗∗∗ | –0.296∗∗ | –0.243∗ | –0.166 | 0.066 | 0.007 | –0.077 | –0.215∗ | –0.273∗∗ | –0.310∗∗ |
| PT, s | 0.015 | 0.118 | 0.081 | 0.073 | –0.046 | –0.227∗ | 0.079 | –0.043 | 0.065 | 0.058 |
| APTT, s | 0.182 | 0.252∗∗ | 0.154 | 0.131 | –0.213∗ | 0.013 | 0.092 | –0.06 | 0.109 | 0.227∗ |
| TT, s | –0.033 | 0.125 | 0.079 | 0.141 | 0.072 | 0.167 | 0.052 | 0.223∗ | –0.016 | –0.011 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 0.014 | –0.02 | 0.005 | 0.141 | 0.104 | –0.156 | 0.14 | –0.152 | 0.05 | 0.095 |
| D-dimer, μg/L | 0.283∗∗ | 0.294∗∗ | 0.277∗∗ | 0.267∗∗ | 0.14 | 0.046 | 0.262∗ | 0.221∗ | 0.284∗∗ | 0.301∗∗ |
| ALT, U/L | 0.013 | –0.019 | –0.039 | –0.013 | –0.126 | 0.012 | –0.066 | –0.049 | 0.001 | –0.011 |
| AST, U/L | 0.116 | 0.035 | 0.089 | 0.109 | –0.106 | –0.132 | 0.13 | –0.059 | 0.083 | 0.181∗∗ |
| Urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 0.111 | 0.037 | 0.147∗ | 0.079 | 0.136∗ | –0.126 | 0.067 | 0.219∗∗ | –0.004 | 0.158∗ |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 0.059 | 0.043 | 0.165∗ | 0.067 | 0.093 | –0.098 | 0.017 | –0.033 | 0.093 | 0.166∗ |
| Uric acid, μmol/L | –0.048 | –0.113 | –0.013 | 0.026 | –0.081 | –0.044 | 0.043 | –0.115 | 0.057 | –0.06 |
| LDH, U/L | 0.379∗∗∗ | 0.226∗∗∗ | 0.269∗∗∗ | 0.297∗∗∗ | 0.062 | –0.056 | 0.189∗∗ | 0.191∗∗ | 0.166∗ | 0.440∗∗ |
| HBDH, U/L | 0.363∗∗ | 0.323∗∗ | 0.294∗∗ | 0.397∗∗∗ | 0.063 | –0.077 | 0.398∗∗∗ | 0.242∗ | 0.256∗ | 0.439∗∗∗ |
| CK, U/L | 0.124 | –0.021 | 0.098 | 0.021 | 0.053 | –0.117 | 0.034 | 0.066 | 0.084 | 0.148∗ |
| CK-MB, U/L | 0.05 | –0.042 | 0.091 | 0.054 | 0.042 | –0.076 | –0.007 | 0.056 | 0.05 | 0.113 |
| CRP, μg/L | 0.440∗∗∗ | 0.291∗∗∗ | 0.292∗∗∗ | 0.240∗∗∗ | 0.124 | 0.031 | 0.167∗ | 0.162∗ | 0.276∗∗∗ | 0.472∗∗∗ |
| ESR, mm/h | 0.258∗ | 0.252∗ | 0.259∗ | 0.374∗∗∗ | 0.226∗ | –0.108 | 0.316∗∗ | 0.122 | 0.121 | 0.327∗∗ |
| Procalcitonin, μg/L | 0.155∗ | 0.033 | 0.11 | 0.037 | –0.05 | –0.079 | 0.15 | –0.309∗∗ | 0.161∗ | 0.107 |
ALT = alanine aminotransferase, APTT = activated partial thromboplastin time, AST = aspartate aminotransferase, CK = creatine kinase, CRP = C-reactive protein, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate, GGO = ground-glass opacity, HBDH = α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, LDH = lactic dehydrogenase, PT = prothrombin time, RBC = red blood cells, RR = respiratory rate, SBP = systolic blood pressure, SpO2 = oxygen saturation, TT = thrombin time, WBC = white blood cells.
∗P < .05, ∗∗P < .01, and ∗∗∗P < .001.