Table 3.

Psychometric properties of the final 10-Item COVID-PSS (n=4004)

Psychometric properties	COVID-PSS correlation (95% CI)
	Subscale: stereotype	Subscale: prejudice	Subscale: fear	Summary score
Validity
Face and content validity	Satisfactory with comprehensive item generation process and expert review (three epidemiologists, two psychiatrists, one social scientist, two hospital directors and in-depth interviews with 30 general population).
Convergent validity
With global fear of COVID-19	0.28 (0.25 to 0.30)*	0.44 (0.41 to 0.46)*	0.84 (0.83 to 0.85)*	0.68 (0.66 to 0.70)*
With perceived risk of COVID-19 infection	0.37 (0.34 to 0.40)*	0.54 (0.51 to 0.56)*	0.92 (0.91 to 0.92)*	0.79 (0.77 to 0.80)*
With the Bogardus Social Distance Scale	0.20 (0.17 to 0.23)*	0.42 (0.39 to 0.44)*	0.57 (0.54 to 0.59)*	0.50 (0.48 to 0.53)*
Discriminant validity
With Pain Intensity Scale	−0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02)***	0.01 (−0.02 to 0.04)***	0.08 (0.05 to 0.11)*	0.04 (0.01 to 0.07)**
With Insomnia Severity Index	−0.03 (−0.06 to 0.00)***	0.05 (0.02 to 0.08)**	0.09 (0.06 to 0.12)*	0.05 (0.02 to 0.08)**
Reliability
Internal consistency: Cronbach’s α	0.76 (0.75 to 0.78)	0.77 (0.75 to 0.79)	0.80 (0.79 to 0.82)	0.85 (0.84 to 0.86)
Reproducibility: intraclass correlation†	0.90 (0.76 to 0.95)	0.94 (0.93 to 0.95)	0.93 (0.88 to 0.96)	0.94 (0.86 to 0.96)

Spearman’s r correlation test.

*P<0.001; **p<0.05; ***p>0.05.

†Based on the subcohort for test–retest, n=409.

COVID-PSS, COVID-19 Public Stigma Scale.