Table 2:
Magnetic resonance imaging in NBM and neuropsychological metrics of patients with MS and healthy controls.
| MS (n=84) | HC (n=19) | p value | RRMS (n=54) | SPMS (n=30) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| T2 LV in mL median (IQR) | 9.75 (3.82 – 25.86) | 0.21 (0.14 – 1.71) | <0.001 | 9.59 (3.20 – 23.47) | 10.93 (5.44 – 26.24) | 0.806 |
|
| ||||||
| Normalized NBM volume in mL | 0.47 (0.05) | 0.48 (0.06) | 0.379 | 0.47 (0.05) | 0.47 (0.05) | 0.904 |
|
| ||||||
| Normalized WB volume in mL | 1454.12 (90.03) | 1509.55 (71.03) | 0.034 | 1474.46 (87.36) | 1417.52 (84.23) | 0.363 |
|
| ||||||
| Normalized GM volume in mL | 735.92 (57.15) | 754.96 (42.54) | 0.361 | 749.79 (54.20) | 710.95 (54.56) | 0.290 |
|
| ||||||
| Normalized WM volume in mL | 718.20 (49.76) | 754.59 (34.49) | 0.008 | 724.67 (48.89) | 706.57 (50.02) | 0.678 |
|
| ||||||
| Normalized cortical volume in mL | 597.14 (46.87) | 616.39 (38.27) | 0.212 | 609.02 (44.64) | 575.76 (43.72) | 0.263 |
|
| ||||||
| Normalized thalamus volume in mL | 18.23 (2.58) | 20.42 (1.43) | 0.001 | 18.70 (2.49) | 17.38 (2.56) | 0.448 |
|
| ||||||
| Normalized hippocampus volume in mL | 9.01 (1.28) | 9.43 (1.13) | 0.109 | 9.16 (1.16) | 8.75 (1.45) | 0.563 |
|
| ||||||
| NBM FA in unitless measures | 0.25 (0.03) | 0.26 (0.03) | 0.331 | 0.25 (0.03) | 0.25 (0.04) | 0.715 |
|
| ||||||
| NBM MD in mm2/s * 1000 | 0.63 (0.05) | 0.60 (0.04) | 0.008 | 0.63 (0.05) | 0.64 (0.06) | 0.543 |
|
| ||||||
| NBM D∥ in mm2/s * 1000 | 0.92 (0.07) | 0.89 (0.05) | 0.062 | 0.91 (0.06) | 0.92 (0.08) | 0.706 |
|
| ||||||
| NBM D⊥ in mm2/s * 1000 | 0.49 (0.06) | 0.45 (0.04) | 0.005 | 0.49 (0.05) | 0.50 (0.07) | 0.507 |
|
| ||||||
| SDMT | 48.15 (15.49) | 64.84 (9.87) | <0.001 | 49.35 (15.08) | 46.00 (16.25) | 0.755 |
|
| ||||||
| CVLT-2 | ||||||
| total learning | 50.76 (12.74) | 66.21 (6.34) | <0.001 | 51.85 (11.92) | 48.80 (14.10) | 0.738 |
| delayed recall | 10.81 (3.47) | 14.53 (1.39) | <0.001 | 11.17 (3.32) | 10.17 (3.69) | 0.729 |
| discrimination index | 3.06 (0.87) | 3.83 (0.21) | 0.001 | 3.06 (0.86) | 3.04 (0.90) | 0.644 |
| retention | 0.87 (0.14) | 0.97 (0.04) | 0.011 | 0.88 (0.15) | 0.86 (0.14) | 0.716 |
|
| ||||||
| BVMT-R | ||||||
| total learning | 19.37 (7.30) | 27.00 (4.94) | <0.001 | 19.56 (7.79) | 19.03 (6.46) | 0.843 |
| delayed recall | 7.49 (2.76) | 10.11 (1.56) | <0.001 | 7.52 (2.86) | 7.43 (2.61) | 0.516 |
| discrimination index | 5.50 (1.00) | 5.95 (0.23) | 0.071 | 5.39 (1.12) | 5.70 (0.70) | 0.324 |
| retention | 0.91 (0.13) | 0.94 (0.08) | 0.306 | 0.92 (0.12) | 0.88 (0.15) | 0.981 |
|
| ||||||
| PASAT | 40.57 (14.77) | 48.26 (8.84) | 0.045 | 39.85 (15.24) | 41.87 (14.05) | 0.942 |
All cells show the mean value and the respective standard deviation in brackets, unless otherwise specified.
Legend: NBM: nucleus basalis of Meynert; MS: multiple sclerosis; RR: relapsing-remitting; SP: secondary progressive; HC: healthy controls; LV: lesion volume; WB: whole brain; GM: gray matter; WM: white matter; FA: fractional anisotropy; MD: mean diffusivity; D∥: axial diffusivity; D⊥: radial diffusivity; SDMT: Symbol Digit Modalities Test; CVLT-2: California Verbal Learning Test second edition; BVMT-R: Brief Visuospatial Memory Test Revised; PASAT: Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test; IQR: interquartile range (25th – 75th percentile).
p values represent MS and HC group comparisons as well as RRMS and SPMS comparisons and were derived using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusted for age and sex for imaging measures and age, sex, and education for neuropsychological measures.
Significant p values < 0.05 are represented in bold.