Table 5:

Predicting change of the cognitive score in patients with MS with NBM metrics and other imaging measures.

	Variables	R2	Adjusted R2	ΔR2	p value
SDMT	RRMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, SDMT score at BL	0.048	−0.025	0.048	0.583
	Model 2: + NBM volume	0.307	0.234	0.259	0.001
	Model 3: + NAWB MD	0.390	0.308	0.083	0.031
	SPMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, SDMT score at BL	0.240	0.126	0.240	0.132
	Model 2: + Cortical volume	0.456	0.342	0.216	0.013
CVLT-2 total learning	RRMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, CVLT-2 score at BL	0.086	0.015	0.086	0.316
	Model 2: + NAWB MD	0.188	0.103	0.102	0.035
	SPMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, CVLT-2 score at BL	0.174	0.056	0.174	0.249
BVMT-R total learning	RRMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, BVMT-R score at BL	0.123	0.055	0.123	0.160
	SPMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, BVMT-R score at BL	0.304	0.199	0.304	0.060
Delayed recall CVLT-2	RRMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, delayed CVLT-2 score at BL	0.006	−0.070	0.006	0.970
	Model 2: + WB volume	0.299	0.225	0.293	<0.001
	Model 3: + NBM volume	0.387	0.305	0.089	0.026
	SPMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, delayed CVLT-2 score at BL	0.032	−0.106	0.032	0.874
Delayed recall BVMT-R	RRMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, delayed BVMT-R score at BL	0.179	0.116	0.179	0.050
	SPMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, delayed BVMT-R score at BL	0.190	0.069	0.190	0.228
	Model 2: + NBM FA	0.406	0.280	0.215	0.017
Discrimination index CVLT-2	RRMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, CVLT-2 discrimination index at BL	0.219	0.159	0.219	0.021
	Model 2: + NBM volume	0.308	0.235	0.089	0.033
	SPMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, CVLT-2 discrimination index at BL	0.185	0.069	0.185	0.221
Discrimination index BVMT-R	RRMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, BVMT-R discrimination index at BL	0.082	0.011	0.082	0.339
	Model 2: + WB volume	0.424	0.363	0.342	<0.001
	SPMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, BVMT-R discrimination index at BL	0.295	0.190	0.295	0.067
	Model 2: + T2 LV	0.515	0.413	0.220	0.008
Retention CVLT-2	RRMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, CVLT-2 retention at BL	0.037	−0.037	0.037	0.681
	Model 2: + Thalamic volume	0.291	0.216	0.252	0.001
	Model 3: + NBM volume	0.392	0.310	0.102	0.017
	Model 4: + NBM D∥	0.469	0.380	0.076	0.029
	SPMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, CVLT-2 retention at BL	0.123	−0.002	0.123	0.420
Retention BVMT-R	RRMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, BVMT-R retention at BL	0.279	0.223	0.279	0.005
	SPMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, BVMT-R retention at BL	0.471	0.392	0.471	0.005
	Model 2: + T2 LV	0.581	0.492	0.110	0.038
	Model 3: + Hippocampal volume	0.679	0.590	0.098	0.030
PASAT	RRMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, PASAT score at BL	0.113	0.043	0.113	0.201
	Model 2: + NAWB MD	0.297	0.221	0.184	0.004
	Model 3: + NBM volume	0.371	0.284	0.074	0.047
	SPMS:
	Model 1: Age, education, PASAT score at BL	0.041	−0.096	0.041	0.825
	Model 2: + NBM FA	0.319	0.183	0.278	0.010

Legend: MS: multiple sclerosis; RR: relapsing-remitting; SP: secondary progressive; NBM: nucleus basalis of Meynert; NAWB: normal-appearing whole brain; WB: whole brain; MD: mean diffusivity; FA: fractional anisotropy; D_∥: axial diffusivity; SDMT: Symbol Digit Modalities Test; CVLT-2: California Verbal Learning Test second edition; BVMT-R: Brief Visuospatial Memory Test Revised; PASAT: Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test; BL: baseline.

Model 1 forces age, education and the baseline score of the respective cognitive test into the model.

Models 2, 3 and 4 show which measures were retained as significant when NBM metrics, WB volume, NAWB MD, cortical volume, thalamic volume and hippocampal volume were added using forward selection while retaining demographics and baseline test score.

Significant p values < 0.05 are represented in bold.