Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of SEER-Medicare pancreatic cancer cases and frequency-matched controls 1992–2015a.
| Pancreatic cancer casesb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls | First primary | Later primaries | All primaries | |
| (N = 320,296) | (N = 61,081) | (N = 18,993) | (N = 80,074) | |
| Characteristics | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
| Age at diagnosis or selection, years | ||||
| 66–69 | 42,388 (13.2) | 8,590 (14.1) | 2,007 (10.6) | 10,597 (13.2) |
| 70–74 | 71,148 (22.2) | 13,979 (22.9) | 3,808 (20.0) | 17,787 (22.2) |
| 75–79 | 75,692 (23.6) | 14,253 (23.3) | 4,670 (24.6) | 18,923 (23.6) |
| 80–84 | 66,048 (20.6) | 12,140 (19.9) | 4,372 (23.0) | 16,512 (20.6) |
| 85–89 | 43,496 (13.6) | 7,991 (13.1) | 2,883 (15.2) | 10,874 (13.6) |
| 90–94 | 17,524 (5.5) | 3,357 (5.5) | 1,024 (5.4) | 4,381 (5.5) |
| 95–99 | 4,000 (1.2) | 771 (1.3) | 229 (1.2) | 1,000 (1.2) |
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 144,484 (45.1) | 26,277 (43.0) | 9,844 (51.8) | 36,121 (45.1) |
| Women | 175,812 (54.9) | 34,804 (57.0) | 9,149 (48.2) | 43,953 (54.9) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 264,161 (82.5) | 49,619 (81.2) | 16,171 (85.1) | 65,790 (82.2) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 23,841 (7.4) | 6,179 (10.1) | 1,705 (9.0) | 7,884 (9.8) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 14,483 (4.5) | 2,176 (3.6) | 442 (2.3) | 2,618 (3.3) |
| Hispanic | 7,893 (2.5) | 1,227 (2.0) | 237 (1.2) | 1,464 (1.8) |
| Other/missing | 9,918 (3.1) | 1,880 (3.1) | 438 (2.3) | 2,318 (2.9) |
| Calendar year of diagnosis or selection | ||||
| 1992–2000 | 61,352 (19.2) | 12,382 (20.3) | 2,956 (15.6) | 15,338 (19.2) |
| 2001–2005 | 73,460 (22.9) | 14,279 (23.4) | 4,086 (21.5) | 18,365 (22.9) |
| 2006–2009 | 71,592 (22.4) | 13,537 (22.2) | 4,361 (23.0) | 17,898 (22.4) |
| 2010–2015 | 113,892 (35.6) | 20,883 (34.2) | 7,590 (40.0) | 28,473 (35.6) |
| Months of coverage, median (IQR) | ||||
| Part A/B/non-HMO | 67 (42–82) | 71 (42–84) | 74 (48–85) | 72 (43–84) |
| Part D | 18 (0–52) | 17 (0–48) | 15 (0–49) | 16 (0–49) |
| Average physician visits/6 months, median (IQR) | 3.0 (1.3–5.5) | 3.1 (1.4–5.8) | 4.3 (2.3–7.1) | 3.4 (1.5–6.1) |
| Low-income subsidy/Medicaid eligibility | ||||
| Ever | 37,034 (11.6) | 6,695 (11.0) | 1,720 (9.1) | 8,415 (10.5) |
| Never | 130,922 (40.9) | 24,398 (39.9) | 9,176 (48.3) | 33,574 (41.9) |
| Unknown | 152,340 (47.6) | 29,988 (49.1) | 8,097 (42.6) | 38,085 (47.6) |
| Co-morbidities diagnoses | ||||
| Overweight or obesity | 17,980 (5.6) | 4,113 (6.7) | 1,398 (7.4) | 5,511 (6.9) |
| Smoking behavior-relatedc | 23,803 (7.4) | 5,787 (9.5) | 2,472 (13.0) | 8,259 (10.3) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 59,294 (18.5) | 12,734 (20.8) | 4,705 (24.8) | 17,439 (21.8) |
| Alcohol-relatedd | 14,294 (4.5) | 4,102 (6.7) | 1,475 (7.8) | 5,577 (7.0) |
| Acute or chronic pancreatitis | 3,609 (1.1) | 1,685 (2.8) | 591 (3.1) | 2,276 (2.8) |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 90,232 (28.2) | 21,993 (36.0) | 7,149 (37.6) | 29,142 (36.4) |
| Hemochromatosis | 653 (0.2) | 137 (0.2) | 49 (0.3) | 186 (0.2) |
| Sideroblastic anemia | 993 (0.3) | 192 (0.3) | 108 (0.6) | 300 (0.4) |
| Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia | 1,375 (0.4) | 262 (0.4) | 136 (0.7) | 398 (0.5) |
| NACLD | 3,316 (1.0) | 791 (1.3) | 311 (1.6) | 1,102 (1.4) |
| Liver cirrhosis | 1,113 (0.3) | 279 (0.5) | 105 (0.6) | 384 (0.5) |
| Fatty liver disease | 1,503 (0.5) | 359 (0.6) | 146 (0.8) | 505 (0.6) |
Abbreviations: HMO, health maintenance organizations; IQR, interquartile range; NACLD, non–alcoholic-related chronic liver disease; SEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Ends Results Program.
aControls were frequency matched to the pancreatic cancer cases by age category (66–69. 70–74, 75–79, 80–84, 85–89, 90–94, and 95–99), sex, and calendar year of diagnosis. International Classification of Diseases – 9th edition included: hemochromatosis (275.0, 275.01, and 275.03), sideroblastic (285.0), and congenital dyserythropoietic (285.8) anemias and NACLD (571.4, 571.41, 571.42, 571.49, 571.5, 571.6, 571.8, and 571.9).
bFirst primary pancreatic cancer was defined as pancreatic cancer occurring as a first malignancy and later primaries pancreatic cancer were defined as primary pancreatic cancer occurring as second or third malignancy between 1992 and 2015.
cAny personal history of tobacco use or nondependent tobacco use disorder.
dAny diagnosis of alcohol-induced liver disorders, alcohol-induced psych/neurologic disorders, alcohol intoxication, nondependent alcohol abuse, or personal history of alcoholism.