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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Healthc Mater. 2021 Sep 5;10(21):e2101048. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202101048

Figure 4. GFs eluting from sulfated alginate are functional and stimulate tubule formation.

Figure 4.

(a) Conditioned media was collected from sulfated hydrogels loaded with MSC spheroids and pipetted on HDMECs to establish the retention of function GFs indirectly by determining tubule formation. (b) Calcein AM stain of HDMECs exposed to day 21 conditioned media (scale bar = 500 μm). Quantification of (c) total tubule length and (d) branch number from HDMEC images confirm that more GFs are eluted from non- and low-sulfated alginate hydrogels. Positive control is tubule formation in complete endothelial cell growth media. All values were normalized to the negative control that was performed in growth factor deficient media. Data are mean ± SD (n=3–4). Groups with statistically significant differences do not share the same letters; ns denotes no significance among all groups.