. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2021 May 5;6(11):1063–1070. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.04.016

Table 1:

Demographic information, trauma history and clinical characteristics in the Dutch cohort

	PTSD youth (n=74)	Traumatized Controls (n=75)	Healthy non-traumatized
Sex
Boys	31 (41.9 %)	37 (49.3 %)	36 (48.0 %)
Girls	43 (58.1 %)	38 (50.7 %)	39 (52.0 %)
Age	12.13 (3.44)	11.95 (2.28)	10.77 (2.15)^a^**
Ethnicity
Caucasian	44 (59.5 %)	61 (81.3 %) ^c^**
Other	30 (40.5 %)	14 (18.7 %)	64 (85.3 %)^c^**
Index trauma
Interpersonal violence	38 (54.4%)	21 (35.6%)	X
Sexual abuse	11 (14.9%)	0 (0%)	X
Accidents/medical	9 (12.2%)	37 (49.3%)	X
Comorbid diagnosis
Internalizing problems	23 (31.1 %)	2 (2.7 %)^c^**	0 (0 %)^c^**
Externalizing problems	18 (24.3 %)	3 (4.0 %)^c^**	0 (0 %)^c^**
CAPS-CA Severity Score	52.91 (26.07)	14.45 (12.88)^b^**	X
CRIES-13 Severity Score	37.44 (15.35)	11.04 (15.07)^b^**	X

Continuous variables presented as mean (standard deviation); categorical variables presented as frequency (percentage).

= One-way ANOVA;

= Kruskal-Wallis Test;

= Chi-Square Test.

^**

significant group differences (p > .05). PTSD=post-traumatic stress disorder; CAPS-CA = Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents; CRIES-13 = Children’s revised Impact of Event Scale, Revised. Comorbid internalizing and externalizing symptoms were based on the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS; T- scores ≥70), and the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) and Youth Self Report (YSR; T score ≥63).