Table 4.
Adjusted hazard of diabetes incidence according to the number of antibiotic classes among antibiotics users.
| Antibiotics class number | p for trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 or more | ||
| N of people (%) | 34,686 (19.57) | 44,631 (25.18) | 44,708 (25.22) | 33,275 (18.77) | 19,981 (11.27) | |
| Events, N | 2,247 | 2,930 | 3,098 | 2,401 | 1,504 | |
| Person-years, 104 | 33 | 43 | 43 | 32 | 19 | |
| aHR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (0.95 1.06) | 1.05 (0.99 1.11) | 1.08 (1.02 1.15) | 1.14 (1.06 1.23) | < 0.001 |
N number, aHR adjusted hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, ref. reference.
Model Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, days with alcohol drinking per week, physical activity, household income, residence, family history of diabetes, Charlson comorbidity index, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, acid suppressants use, and infectious diseases (respiratory diseases, urinary tract infections, skin, soft tissue, bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, and others). The estimates were based on fully adjusted models.
Antibiotics were divided into seven classes consisting of penicillin, cephalosporin, macrolide, fluoroquinolone, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and lincosamides or others.
Bold text means statistically significant hazards ratios, where the 95% confidence intervals do not include 1.