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. 2021 Nov 4;11:21645. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00976-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Differences in behavioral performance or VNS exposure cannot explain mapping results. (A) There was no difference across groups in average percent correct performance prior to surgery, before treatment, or during the ten treatment sessions, nor did treatment impact percent correct performance in any group. (B) No difference was observed across treatment groups in the average number of training trials performed per session during any epoch, nor did treatment significantly impact the number of trials performed within any treatment group. (C) The total number of rewarded trials did not differ across treatment groups during the Treatment period, indicating that VNS treated rats in both yohimbine- and vehicle-infused groups received equivalent exposure to VNS. Filled circles denote data for individual subjects; error bars denote SEM.