Table 2. Adjusted odds ratio and 95% CI of SABA use for all-cause mortality and healthcare use for asthma exacerbation according to SABA use.

Variables		Mortality*
		All-cause	Asthma-related
SABA use
	0/yr	Reference	Reference
	1–2/yr	1.48 (1.40–1.56)	2.13 (1.81–2.51)
	≥ 3/yr	1.72 (1.61–1.84)	3.25 (2.72–3.89)

Data are presented as a ratio (95% CI).

CI, confidence interval; SABA, short-acting β₂ agonist; LTRA, leukotriene receptor antagonist; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting β₂ agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; CCI, Charlson Comorbidities Index; OCS, oral corticosteroid.

^*Adjusted for age, sex, type of insurance, and treatment level (LTRA or ICS only vs. ICS/LABA vs. ICS/LABA/LAMA), CCI (0–1 vs. 2 or more), and any OCS use.