TABLE 1.
Summary of various biomaterials for nucleus pulposus repair and their functions.
| Material type | Material composition | Target cell/gene | In vivo experimental model | Repair effect | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nanofiber | PC-PU | Bovine NPCs and human MSCs | Bovine whole IVD organ culture model | Restore the mechanical properties of enucleated disks and delay further degradation of natural disk tissue | Li et al. (2016) | |
| PLLA NF-SMS | Rabbit MSCs | Rabbit lumbar degeneration model | Help mesenchymal stem cell adhesion, proliferation and np-like differentiation, promote transmitter transmission and new ECM formation | Feng et al. (2020) | ||
| Hydrogel | Dextran, gelatin and poly (ethylene glycol) | Porcine and rat NPCs | Rat tail IVD and porcine disk degeneration model | Support long-term cell retention and survival in the rat IVDs, and facilitate rehydration and regeneration of porcine degenerative NPs | Gan et al. (2017) | |
| Poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate | NA | Bovine disk model | Has good mechanical properties and tissue integration ability, and maintain the height of the disk | Schmocker et al. (2016) | ||
| Adducts of fibrinogen and poloxameric block copolymers called Tetronic 1307 | Porcine NP–SCs | NA | Cell proliferation and differentiation have nothing to do with matrix hardness, but matrix modulus can affect the fate of NP-SCs | Navaro et al., 2015 | ||
| Poly (ethylene glycol), IKVAV and AG73 peptides | Human NP cells | NA | Close control of peptide selection and peptide presentation can lead to a more juvenile NP cell phenotype regardless of substrate stiffness | Barcellona et al. (2020) | ||
| PFTBA and alginate | Human NP cells | Mouse disk degeneration model | Promote NP cell survival and proliferation, restore the disk height and the ECM, indicate its beneficial effect on alleviating disk degeneration | Sun et al. (2016) | ||
| Gene therapy | Hyperbranched polymer and AMO | Rabbit MSCs/MiR-199a | Rabbit lumbar degeneration model | Promote MSC nucleus pulposus differentiation and inhibit its osteogenic differentiation, and enhance nucleus pulposus tissue regeneration | Feng et al. (2020) | |
| MPM and HO-1 pDNA | Rabbit NP cells/HO-1 pDNA | Rat tail disks | Weaken the inflammatory response and increase the production of NP ECM, slow the degeneration of the intervertebral disk | Feng et al. (2015) | ||