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. 2021 Nov 4;12:6369. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26632-x

Fig. 6. Synchronized operando acoustic transmission and ssNMR spectroscopy.

Fig. 6

Lithium plating and stripping through LLZO at a current rate of 0.05 mA/cm2 in a Li/LLZO/Cu cell43, indicating microstructure formation during plating on copper and irreversible microstructure formation over three cycles. ssNMR and acoustic transmission are conducted simultaneously, as shown by the schematic in Fig. 1b. a Voltage (V vs Li+/Li) profile, b acoustic transmission amplitude (arbitrary units), c acoustic time-of-flight (μs) of the entire waveform, d ssNMR normalized peak intensities, e 7Li chemical shift (ppm) of the lithium metal region.