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. 2021 Nov 4;12:6382. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26636-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a–b Occurrence of dnd genes and gene clusters in bacteria and archaea, respectively. The orange and blue bars represent the modification and restriction modules of the dnd system, respectively. The total numbers of the analyzed phyla, genera and genomes are shown above each chart. c Phylogenetic distribution of dnd genes and gene clusters in bacteria (orders) and archaea (phyla). For clarity, only the bacterial orders and archaeal phyla with ≥30 high-quality genomes are shown. The reference phylogeny was reconstructed from the concatenate alignment of 120 and 122 concentrated conserved proteins for bacteria and archaea, respectively. Sericytochromatia (not shown in the diagram) was set as the root lineage for the bacterial phylogenetic tree. The colors of the triangles in the tree show the taxa at the phylum and class (for Proteobacteria) levels. The occurrence of dnd genes and gene clusters are quantitatively presented by the colors and size of circles. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.