Fig. 4.

Effects of GP-17 on mitochondrial damage induced by I/R in the isolated rat hearts. The mitochondria of the isolated rat hearts were extracted and detected by (A) ROS, opening of mPTP, Ca-ATPase, and Ca²⁺ concentration; (B) immunoblot analysis of the protein levels in mitochondria and in cytoplasm; (C) bar graphs showing the relative protein expression. ^##P < 0.01 versus the control, ^###P < 0.01 versus the control, *P < 0.05 versus the I/R group, **P < 0.01 versus the I/R group, ***P < 0.001 versus the I/R group, ^$P < 0.05 versus GP-17 (20 μM)+ I/R group, ^$$ P < 0.01 versus GP-17 (20 μM)+ I/R group.GP-17, gypenoside XVII; I/R, ischemia and reperfusion; ROS, reactive oxygen species; mPTP, mitochondrial permeability transition pore.