Table 2.
Decomposing the change in income inequality and poverty
| Pre-COVID scenario (A) |
COVID scenario (B) |
Total change (B)–(A) |
Decomposition of total change | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-related policies effects | Other effects | ||||
| Inequality | |||||
| Gini | 0.461 | 0.592 | 0.131*** | − 0.011*** | 0.142*** |
| Theil | 0.395 | 0.601 | 0.206*** | − 0.013*** | 0.219*** |
| Poverty | |||||
| FGTO (%) | 25.672 | 58.224 | 32.552*** | − 0.640*** | 33.192*** |
| FGT1 (%) | 9.626 | 34.062 | 24.436*** | − 1.567*** | 26.002*** |
| Extreme poverty | |||||
| FGTO (%) | 9.235 | 38.626 | 29.391*** | − 1.402*** | 30.794*** |
| FGT1 (%) | 3.579 | 22.22 | 18.641*** | − 1.915*** | 20.556*** |
Poverty and inequality indicators are based on per capita household disposable income. The 2019 national poverty lines of US$85.03 per month for poverty and US$47.92 per month for extreme poverty are used in the calculations. Statistical significance based on bootstrapped standard errors after 200 replications. Significance levels indicated as *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.
Source Authors’ elaboration using ECUAMOD and ENEMDU-2019