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Splicing mechanism and alternative splicing patterns. A. Following spliceosome assembly and two transesterification reactions, pre-RNA is finally transformed into mature RNA. B. Different RNA splicing patterns: Exon skipping, Mutually exclusive exons, Alternative 5’ or 3’ splicing sites, Intron retention, Alternative first exon, and Alternative last exon. BS, branch site; Py, polypyrimidine; 5’ SS, 5’ splicing site; 3’ SS, 3’ splicing site.
