Figure 6.

Alternative splicing and metabolism. A. PKM forms PKM1 and PKM2 isoforms via alternative splicing, wherein PTBP1, hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2, splicing factors are regulated by c-Myc and non-coding RNAs. B. PKM1 and PKM2 play a functional role in the glycolysis pathway, and lncRNA CCAT2 and miR23 affect the expression of KGA and GAC, thereby regulating the process of glutamine metabolism. NEK2, NIMA-related kinase 2; hnRNPA1, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1; hnRNPA2, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2; PTBP1, polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1; PKM1, pyruvate kinase M1; PKM2, pyruvate kinase M2; GLUT1, glucose transporter 1; SLC1A5, solute carrier family 1 member 5; GLS1, glutaminase 1; CFIM, cleavage factor I; KGA, glutaminase kidney isoform; GAC, glutaminase isoform C; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate.