Table 2.
DNA marker applications for improvement in various plant species.
| Application of molecular markers | Molecular marker used | Plant species | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Genetic diversity, DNA fingerprint and germplasm conservation | DArT; ISSR and RAPD; CDDP; RAPD and ISSR | Maize (Zea mays); Castor Bean (Ricinus communis); Musa L. (Musaceae); Gloriosa superba; rice (Oryza sativa L.) | Badu-Apraku et al. (2021); Kim et al. (2021); Igwe et al. (2021); Tilwari and Sharma (2021); Mazumdar et al. (2020), |
| Assessment of heterosis in breeding | SSR and SNP; AFLP, RAPD and SSR; SNP; EST and SSR | Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum); Maize (Zea mays); Maize (Zea mays); wheat (Triticum aestivum); Rice (Oryza sativa) | Geng et al. (2021); Esan et al. (2021); Tomkowiak et al. (2020); Nie et al. (2019); Pavani et al. (2018) |
| Identification of haploid/diploid plants | SSR | Maize (Zea mays) | Rádi et al. (2020) |
| Bulk segregant analysis | SNP; SNP; SSR | Castor bean; Rice (Oryza sativa); Soybean | Wang et al. (2021); Yang et al. (2021); Sreenivasa et al. (2020) |
| Marker-assisted selection | SSR; SRAP; | Cassava (Manihot esculenta); Camellia oleifera; | Olasanmi et al. (2021); Feng et al. (2020) |
| Genetic and physical mapping | SNP; SSR; SNP; SSR | Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum); Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius); Pineapple guava (Acca sellowiana); Cassava (Manihot esculenta) | Feng et al. (2021); Jegadeeswaran et al. (2021); Quezada et al. (2021),Adjebeng-Danquah et al. (2020). |
| QTL mapping and characterization | SSR and AFLP; SSR; ISSR; SNP | Rubber; Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum); Capsicum annuum and C. frutescens; Peach (Prunus persica); wheat (Triticum aestivum) | Hou et al. (2021); Li et al. (2021); Olatunji and Afalayan (2019); Rawandoozi et al. (2021),Asif et al. (2020) |
| Association mapping | SSR; SSR; SNP | Maize (Zea mays); Chickpea; Maize (Zea mays) | Jha et al. (2021); Kim et al. (2021a); López-Malvar et al. (2021) |
| Marker assisted back cross breeding | SNP; EST and SNP | Rice (Oryza sativa); Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) | Cheng et al. (2017); Batieno et al. (2016) |
| Hybrid identification | SSR; EST and SSR | Citrus (Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus limon); Elymus sibiricus | Guzmán et al. (2017); Zhao et al. (2017) |