Table II.

Cell types commonly used in atherosclerosis research.

Cell type	Commonly used primary cells	Commonly used cell lines	Application
Endothelial cell	Human umbilical vein endothelial cells; human microvascular endothelial cells		Endothelial cell dysfunction; inflammatory response
Macrophage	Peritoneal macrophages Bone marrow-derived macrophages	THP1, J774a.1 and U937	Phagocytosis; proliferation; migration; adhesion; polarization
Smooth muscle cell	Vascular smooth muscle cells from rat; vascular smooth muscle cells from mice	A7r5 and MOVAS-1	Calcification; phenotype transformation; proliferation; migration