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. 2021 Oct 21;9(10):e26233. doi: 10.2196/26233

Table 4.

Examples of participants-reported behavior change and the related COM-B components (intervention participants).

Behaviors Example quotes COM-B components
Swapping to a lower-salt product
  • “Now we used to buy the deals here of different sorts of ham – but when I tried to do a salt swap on them it was quite difficult to find an alternative. So, what we do now is we buy sliced turkey” [ID0403; male, 70 years]

  • “I used to buy crisps without thinking about salt. And then I started the salt file, I just switched to these.” [ID0313; female, 57 years]

  • “I used to buy a tomato sort of sauce. And in fact, because that was quite high in salt, I started using Passata little boxes. Because you get the sort of intense tomato flavour, but you don’t get the salt.” [ID0410; female, 74 years]

  • “Like I haven't been buying so much ham. I have bought chicken instead.” [ID0415; female, 71 years]

  • Psychological capability—knowledge

  • Reflective motivation

  • Automatic motivation—disrupting habit

  • Environmental opportunity—making it easy to identify lower-salt options

Avoiding high-salt foods
  • “They were like a ripple type crisp, and I was surprised how much salt was in that. And in fact, I don’t think I bought them in the end. Because I thought, 'Wow, I thought these were supposed to be, you know, healthy.” [ID0206; male, 64 years]

  • “Anyway, I used to buy those particularly when it was the two for one type offers. Just stopped buying those completely, yeh” [ID0408; male, 65 years]

  • “I do like salted peanuts and I haven't been able to find anything that’s low in salt...I probably would have bought them most weeks. Whereas now I think, ‘No, it is a treat.’... I won't have those.” [ID0205; female, 68 years]

  • Psychological capability—knowledge

  • Reflective motivation—intentions or persuasion

  • Automatic motivation—disrupting habit

Changing cooking practices to reduce salt intake
  • “And I've also...we've also this last week haven't cooked with salt either. Yeh, previously if we used in cooking potatoes; boiling potatoes up for mashed potatoes; always put a bit of salt in there. Even with your, you know, vegetables, put a bit of salt in there, but we haven't this time.” [ID0207; male, 58 years]

  • “So, instead of using stock cubes. Which we know are high in salt, I tend to use Bouillon because I can use just a tiny bit of that. I will sometimes use that. Or what I do is I add that after I've taken my portion. And that, because it's not a stock cube has to be whatever, and what have you. With that I can stir that in...So, that works quite well.” [ID0319; female, 69 years]

  • Psychological capability—knowledge and skills

  • Automatic motivation—disrupting habit

Swapping from a store-bought product to homemade, with no added salt
  • “After I'd seen those things and how high they were in salt, when I went and did my own, I didn’t put any salt whatsoever in it at all, and I just used the Indian spices” [ID0218; female, 76 years]

  • Psychological capability—knowledge and skills

  • Reflective motivation—persuasion

Reducing frequency of consumption or portion size
  • “I probably would have bought them most weeks. Whereas now I think, ‘No, it is a treat.’ And I would also not sit and eat the whole packet.” [ID0205; female, 68 years]

  • Psychological capability—knowledge

  • Reflective motivation—intentions