. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 5.

Published in final edited form as: Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014 May 16;26(7):1026–1035. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12357

Table 5.

Hierarchical multiple regression analyses of impact of stigma on psychosocial function and healthcare utilization

	Anxiety β	Depression β	HRQOL β	PHC β	MD visits β
Model 1
Perceived stigma	0.52^***	0.58^***	0.60^***	−0.41^***	0.20^*
∆Model Sig	^***	^***	^***	^***	^*
R²	0.27^***	0.33^***	0.36	0.16^***	0.04^*
Model 2
Perceived stigma	0.28^**	0.27^***	0.28^***	−0.26^*	−0.14
Internalized stigma	0.42^***	0.53^***	0.59^***	−0.25^*	0.36^**
∆Model Sig	^***	^***	^***	^*	^***
R²	0.37^***	0.51^***	0.60^***	0.19^*	0.11^***
∆R²	0.11^***	0.18^***	0.24^***	0.04^*	0.07^**
Model 3
Perceived stigma	0.28^**	0.30^***	0.20^**	−0.26^*	−0.10
Internalized stigma	0.40^***	0.58^***	0.38^***	−0.25^*	0.15
IBS frequency	−0.01	−0.07	−0.08	−0.04	0.13
IBS severity	0.07	0.26^*	0.12	0.04	0.14
Disruption ADL	0.16	−0.20	0.17	−0.16	0.07
Disruption SOC	−0.17	−0.07	0.23^*	0.15	0.24
∆Model Sig	ns	ns	^***	ns	^***
R²	0.36	0.52	0.73	0.17	0.29
∆R²	0.01	0.03	0.15	0.01	0.22

p < 0.05

^**

p < 0.01

^***

p < 0.001.

β: standardized beta weight; ADL: activities of daily living; SOC: socialization; HRQOL: health-related quality of life; PHC: perceived health competence.