Table 1.
Patient characteristics—overall and by etiology
| All patients | ALD | NAFLD | HBV or HCVa | All other causesb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 76 | 28 (36.8% of all) | 23 (30.3% of all) | 11 (14.5% of all) | 14 (18.4% of all) |
| Men | 60 (78.9) | 24 (85.7) | 19 (82.6) | 10 (90.9) | 7 (50.0) |
| Age (years) | 62 (53–67; 34–76) | 60 (52–66; 34–74) | 62 (59–67; 37–74) | 58 (54–64; 39–69) | 64 (49–68; 35–76) |
| Hepatic venous pressure gradient (mmHg) | 10.0 (5.0–15.0; 1.5–30) | 13.5 (7.0–16.8; 3.4–30) | 6.0 (4.0–11.0; 1.5–23.0) | 7.0 (4.0–17.0; 3.0–20.0) | 8.0 (4.5–16.6; 2.5–18.6) |
| Hepatic venous pressure gradient ≥ 10 mmHg | 40 (52.6) | 21 (75.0) | 8 (34.8) | 5 (45.5) | 6 (42.9) |
| High-risk varices | 17 (22.4) | 10 (35.7) | 3 (13.0) | 3 (27.3) | 1 (7.1) |
| Platelets (× 109/L) | 161 (103–225; 22–320) | 120 (78–217; 59–320) | 179 (107–246; 76–273) | 162 (141–253; 90–299) | 161 (135–198; 22–257) |
| Platelets ≥ 150 × 109/L | 43 (56.6) | 12 (42.9) | 14 (60.9) | 8 (72.7) | 9 (64.3) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.3 ± 5.0 (18.6–49.8) | 29.1 ± 5.9 (22.8–49.8) | 29.9 ± 4.0 (21.0–35.9) | 25.9 ± 4.4 (18.6–33.8) | 25.5 ± 3.1 (21.6–33.7) |
| Body mass index > 30 kg/m2 (obese patients) | 23 (30.3) | 10 (35.7) | 10 (43.5) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (7.1) |
| Liver stiffness measurement (kPa) | 24.1 ± 16.6 (2.8–69.1) | 31.1 ± 15.7 (8.3–69.1) | 19.3 ± 15,6 (2.8–69.1) | 22.0 ± 18.4 (9.9–63.9) | 19.5 ± 15.4 (3.4–63.9) |
| HPE: bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis (cACLD) | 61 (80.3) | 27 (96.4) | 16 (69.6) | 8 (72.7) | 10 (71.4) |
| HPE: cirrhosis | 53 (69.7) | 27 (96.4) | 11 (47.8) | 5 (45.5) | 10 (71.4) |
| Bilirubin (µmol/L) | 16.4 (12–25; 3.1–49) | 20.7 (12.9–37.2; 9–49) | 15.0 (11–21.9; 8.6–44) | 13.7 (11.1–19.1; 3.1–31.4) | 14.5 (11.7–22.8; 5–42.3) |
| Albumin (g/L) | 42 (36–45; 25–51) | 36 (33–44; 25–50) | 43 (41–45; 35–51) | 43.5 (41–45; 39–50) | 39 (32–45; 26–48) |
| International normalized ratio | 1.1 (1.0–1.4; 1.0–2.3) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5; 1.0–1.9) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1; 1.0–2.3) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1; 1.0–1.6) | 1.1 (1.0–1.7; 1.0–1.8) |
| Creatinin (µmol/L) | 71 (62–83; 37–125) | 68 (61–81; 51–121) | 71 (64–92; 52–119) | 70 (56–95; 52–122) | 74 (62–79; 37–125) |
| Aspartate transaminase (U/L) | 44 (32–68; 15–170) | 52 (35–78; 15–170) | 34 (28–42; 19–82) | 48 (39–54; 30–103) | 54 (35–77; 29–158) |
| Alanine transaminase (U/L) | 43 (27–69; 12–153) | 35 (24–66; 12–146) | 45 (28–76; 15–139) | 50 (31–71; 26–115) | 44 (33–75; 15–153) |
| Gamma glutamyl transferase (U/L) | 99 (52–196; 14–1625) | 165 (66–25; 19–1568) | 93 (51–150; 25–1625) | 65 (43–106; 19–509) | 80 (44–195; 14–477) |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 100 (79–130; 47–342) | 97 (79–137; 60–197) | 92 (68–124; 51–280) | 105 (66–124; 56–186) | 120 (74–175; 47–342) |
Data are counts (percent), median (quartiles, range) or mean ± SD (range)
ALD alcoholic liver disease, cACLD compensated advanced chronic liver disease, HBV/HCV chronic hepatitis B/C, NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, HPE histopathology examination
aAll patients (8 HCV, 3 HBV, no dual infection) were viremic at the time of diagnostic evaluation (i.e., were not treated by antivirals)
bDiagnoses: autoimmune hepatitis (n = 7), cryptogenic cirrhosis (n = 5), Wilson’s disease (n = 1), drug-induced liver injury (n = 1)