Table 3.
Percentage changes and correlates of sexual IPV from 2005-06 to 2015–16 as per the National Family Health Survey (Rounds 3 and 4), India
| NFHS-3 | NFHS-4 | % Relative change | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) and p-Value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 9.6 (9.40–9.86) | 6.7 (5.9–7.4) | −30.2 | |||
| Age | ||||||
| 15–19 (Ref) | 12.3 (11.4–13.3) | 5.6 (4.7–6.6) | −54.5 | 1 | 1 | |
| 20–24 | 10.2 (9.7–10.8) | 6.3 (5.8–6.7) | −38.2 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.67 |
| 25–34 | 9.9 (9.4–10.4) | 7.0 (6.6–7.5) | −29.3 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.58 |
| 35+ | 9.0 (8.7–9.3) | 6.7 (6.4–6.9) | −25.6 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.35 |
| Respondents education | ||||||
| No education (Ref) | 12.3 (11.9–12.6) | 9.2 (8.8–9.6) | −25.2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Primary | 10.3 (9.7–10.9) | 8.1 (7.5–8.6) | −21.4 | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.30 |
| Secondary+ | 6.1 (5.8–6.6) | 4.8 (4.6–5.0) | −21.3 | 0.5 (0.5–0.6) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.10 |
| Partner Education | ||||||
| No education (Ref) | 12.7 (12.2–13.2) | 9.9 (9.4–10.5) | −22.0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Primary | 11.7 (11.1–12.3) | 8.6 (8.1–9.2) | −26.5 | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 1 (0.9–1.1) | 0.94 |
| Secondary+ | 7.6 (7.3–7.9) | 5.3 (5.1–5.5) | −30.3 | 0.5 (0.5–0.6) | 0.9 (0.8–0.9) | 0.02 |
| Wealth Status | ||||||
| Poorest (Ref) | 14.3 (13.64–14.88) | 11.6 (10.9–12.1) | −18.9 | 1 | 1 | |
| Poorer | 12.2 (11.59–12.73) | 8.2 (7.7–8.6) | −32.8 | 0.7 (0.6–0.7) | 0.9 (0.82–0.99) | 0.03 |
| Middle | 10.2 (9.65–10.69) | 6.7 (6.2–7.1) | −34.3 | 0.6 (0.5–0.6) | 0.9 (0.82–1.02) | 0.08 |
| Richer | 7.9 (7.40–8.32) | 5 (4.6–5.4) | −36.7 | 0.4 (0.4–0.5) | 0.8 (0.69–0.89) | 0.00 |
| Richest | 4.3 (39.46–41.10) | 3.2 (2.9–3.5) | −25.6 | 0.3 (0.2–0.3) | 0.6 (0.55–0.74) | 0.00 |
| Religion | ||||||
| Hindu | 9.3 (9.08–9.58) | 6.6 (6.4–6.8) | −29.0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Non-Hindu | 11 (10.39–11.51) | 6.8 (6.3–7.2) | −38.2 | 0.9 (0.8–0.9) | 1.1 (1.00–1.19) | 0.05 |
| Place of residence | ||||||
| Urban | 6.8 (6.45–7.15) | 4.8 (4.49–5.05) | −29.4 | 1 | 1 | |
| Rural | 10.9 (10.59–11.17) | 7.6 (7.37–7.89) | −30.3 | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) | 0.9 (0.86–1.03) | 0.19 |
| Region | ||||||
| North(Ref) | 11.9 (11.21–12.61) | 4.6 (4.1–5.0) | −61.3 | 1 | 1 | |
| Central | 9.1 (8.69–9.59) | 7.4 (6.9–7.8) | −18.7 | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) | 1.1 (0.94–1.18) | 0.28 |
| East | 18.4 (17.74–18.98) | 10 (9.5–10.5) | −45.7 | 2.6 (2.3–2.8) | 1.4 (1.25–1.59) | 0.00 |
| North-east | 12.6 (11.19–13.93) | 5.6 (4.6–6.6) | −55.6 | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | 1.2 (1.05–1.39) | 0.01 |
| West | 3.5 (3.12–3.86) | 2.8 (2.5–3.1) | −20.0 | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.8 (0.70–0.99) | 0.03 |
| South | 3.2 (2.91–3.49) | 6.6 (6.2–7) | 106.3 | 1.4 (1.3–1.6) | 1.0 (0.87–1.14) | 1.00 |
| Parity | ||||||
| 0(Ref) | 9 (8.35–9.73) | 4.8 (4.3–5.3) | −46.7 | 1 | 1 | |
| 1–2 | 8.1 (7.74–8.40) | 5.6 (5.3–5.8) | −30.9 | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.0 (0.89–1.21) | 0.57 |
| 3+ | 11 (10.65–11.33) | 8.5 (8.2–8.9) | −22.7 | 1.5 (1.4–1.7) | 1.2 (1.04–1.44) | 0.02 |
| Economic empowerment status | ||||||
| Not empower | – | 5.9 (5.6–6.2) | – | 1 | 1 | |
| Empower | – | 7.3 (7.0–7.5) | – | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | 0.01 |
| Witnessing parental Violence | ||||||
| No(Ref) | 8 (7.79–8.25) | 4.9 (4.7–5.1) | −38.8 | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 16.8 (16.09–17.43) | 13.3 (12.7–13.8) | −20.8 | 3.1 (2.9–3.3) | 2.2 (2.0–2.4) | 0.00 |
| Duration of cohabitation in years | ||||||
| 0–4(Ref) | 8.7 (8.14–9.16) | 4.7 (4.3–5.0) | −46.0 | 1 | 1 | |
| 5–9 | 10.1 (9.62–10.66) | 7.2 (6.7–7.7) | −28.7 | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) | 1.2 (1.06–1.41) | 0.01 |
| 10–14 | 10.7 (10.15–11.29) | 7.4 (6.9–7.9) | −30.8 | 1.5 (1.3–1.6) | 1.3 (1.09–1.53) | 0.00 |
| 15–19 | 9.8 (9.20–10.34) | 7.3 (6.8–7.8) | −25.5 | 1.5 (1.4–1.7) | 1.3 (1.06–1.57) | 0.01 |
| 20+ | 9.2 (8.73–9.57) | 6.8 (6.5–7.2) | −26.1 | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 1.1 (0.93–1.39) | 0.20 |
| Number of co wives | ||||||
| None(Ref) | 9.5 (9.30–9.76) | 6.5 (6.3–6.7) | −31.6 | 1 | 11 | |
| One and more | 15.2 (13.11–17.37) | 17.4 (15.0–19.7) | 14.5 | 2.3 (1.9–2.8) | 1.9 (1.55–2.28) | 0.00 |
| Age at first marriage | ||||||
| Below 18(Ref) | 11.7 (11.38–12.02) | 7.8 (7.5–8.2) | −33.3 | 1 | 1 | |
| More than 18 years | 6.6 (6.32–6.92) | 5.8 (5.5–6.0) | −12.1 | 0.7 (0.6–0.7) | 0.9 (0.87–1.01) | 0.12 |
| Partners controlling behaviours | ||||||
| No(Ref) | 5.6 (4.79–5.23) | 2.2 (2.0–2.3) | −60.7 | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 16.6 (16.14–17.04) | 11.9 (11.5–12.3) | −28.3 | 5.5 (5.1–5.9) | 4.3 (3.95–4.66) | 0.00 |
| Partner drink alcohol | ||||||
| No(Ref) | 7.6 (7.34–7.84) | 4 (3.8–4.2) | −47.4 | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 14 (13.49–14.43) | 13.4 (12.9–13.9) | − 4.3 | 3.3 (3.1–3.6) | 2.4 (2.21–2.54) | 0.00 |