Table 1.
Descriptive statistics and results of multinomial regressions testing for differences between sexual minority men and heterosexual men (reference group).
| n | Hetero-sexual (n = 2,035) | Sexual minority (n = 310) | Total | Sexual minority vs. heterosexual | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean/% | Mean/% | Mean/% | OR [95% CI] | ||
| Age during COVID-19 (mean) | 2,345 | 29.1 | 29.0 | 29.1 | |
| Linguistic region | |||||
| French-speaking | 1,361 | 58.5 | 53.9 | 58.0 | Ref. |
| German-speaking | 984 | 41.5 | 46.1 | 42.0 | 1.20 [0.94, 1.53] |
| Group 1: COVID-related experiences | |||||
| Experience of COVID-19 symptoms | |||||
| Personal experience of COVID-19 symptoms | |||||
| No symptoms and not tested | 1,921 | 82.8 | 76.5 | 81.9 | Ref. |
| Had symptoms, but tested | 60 | 2.3 | 4.5 | 2.6 | 2.22 [1.20, 4.11] |
| negative | |||||
| Had symptoms, but not tested | 345 | 14.3 | 17.7 | 14.7 | 1.40 [1.02, 1.94] |
| Tested positive | 19 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 1.95 [0.64, 5.94] |
| Experience of COVID-19 symptoms in household and entourage (one or more persons) | |||||
| No symptoms and not tested | 942 | 40.5 | 38.1 | 40.2 | Ref. |
| Symptoms, but not tested or | 666 | 28.6 | 27.4 | 28.4 | 1.04 [0.77, 1.41] |
| negative | |||||
| Tested positive, hospitalized or | 737 | 31.0 | 34.5 | 31.4 | 1.25 [0.94, 1.67] |
| died of COVID | |||||
| Risk group (any condition posing an increased risk, such as respiratory or heart diseases) | |||||
| No | 2,226 | 95.0 | 94.5 | 94.9 | Ref. |
| Yes | 119 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 1.11 [0.65, 1.88] |
| Change in work situation during COVID-19 measures | |||||
| Change in employment because of COVID-19 | |||||
| No change | 1,852 | 79.1 | 78.1 | 79.0 | Ref. |
| Lost job | 81 | 3.2 | 4.8 | 3.5 | 1.56 [0.87, 2.77] |
| Partially unemployed | 339 | 14.5 | 13.9 | 14.5 | 0.97 [0.69, 1.38] |
| Self-employed and lost money | 73 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 1.09 [0.55, 2.16] |
| Change in workload | |||||
| No change | 1,336 | 57.3 | 54.5 | 57.0 | Ref. |
| Decreased | 646 | 27.7 | 26.5 | 27.5 | 1.03 [0.77, 1.37] |
| Increased | 363 | 14.9 | 19.0 | 15.5 | 1.35 [0.98, 1.86] |
| Percentage of time spent working from home during COVID-19 | |||||
| Did not work from home | 1,003 | 42.8 | 42.6 | 42.8 | Ref. |
| 1–49% | 341 | 14.9 | 11.9 | 14.5 | 0.80 [0.54, 1.18] |
| 50% or more | 1,001 | 42.3 | 45.5 | 42.7 | 1.09 [0.84, 1.41] |
| Called up to military or civil defense unit (% yes) | |||||
| No | 2,101 | 89.8 | 88.4 | 89.6 | Ref. |
| Yes | 244 | 10.2 | 11.6 | 10.4 | 1.20 [0.82, 1.75] |
| Group 2: Sociodemographic factors | |||||
| Education and socioeconomic status (pre-COVID wave) | |||||
| Highest educational level achieved (International Standard Classification of Education; ISCED) | |||||
| ISCED 2 mandatory schooling (9years) | 41 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.73 [0.74, 4.02] |
| ISCED 34 maturity (12–13 years) | 221 | 9.5 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 1.06 [0.67, 1.66] |
| ISCED 35 apprenticeship (12–13years) | 944 | 41.0 | 35.2 | 40.3 | Ref. |
| ISCED 6 bachelor (15 years) | 612 | 26.1 | 26.1 | 26.1 | 1.16 [0.85, 1.57] |
| ISCED 7 master (17 years) | 527 | 21.7 | 27.7 | 22.5 | 1.54 [1.13, 2.09] |
| Financial situation | |||||
| Below average | 737 | 30.3 | 39.0 | 31.4 | 1.37 [1.01, 1.85] |
| Average | 684 | 29.5 | 26.8 | 29.2 | Ref. |
| Above average | 924 | 40.2 | 34.2 | 39.4 | 0.90 [0.66, 1.22] |
| Difficulty paying usual bills | |||||
| Easy or very easy | 971 | 42.1 | 36.8 | 41.4 | Ref. |
| Rather easy | 762 | 32.6 | 31.6 | 32.5 | 1.16 [0.86, 1.55] |
| Rather difficult or difficult | 612 | 25.3 | 31.6 | 26.1 | 1.50 [1.12, 2.01] |
| Working in regular contact with potentially infected people (COVID wave) | |||||
| Job with contact with people (e.g., restaurant; % yes) | |||||
| No | 1,807 | 76.6 | 80.0 | 77.1 | Ref. |
| Yes | 538 | 23.4 | 20.0 | 22.9 | 0.82 [0.61, 1.10] |
| Job in healthcare sector with contact with patients (% yes) | |||||
| No | 2,238 | 95.7 | 93.9 | 95.4 | Ref. |
| Yes | 107 | 4.3 | 6.1 | 4.6 | 1.46 [0.88, 2.44] |
| Living situation (COVID wave) | |||||
| Alone | 513 | 21.3 | 25.5 | 21.9 | Ref. |
| With other persons or family members | 580 | 24.3 | 27.7 | 24.7 | 0.94 [0.67, 1.31] |
| With children (most often with partner) | 273 | 12.2 | 7.7 | 11.6 | 0.54 [0.33, 0.88] |
| With partner, no children | 979 | 42.2 | 39.0 | 41.7 | 0.76 [0.56, 1.04] |
All ORs are adjusted for age and linguistic region. Bold coefficients are statistically significant at p < 0.05.