Table 4. Predictors on sleep quality (N = 2749).
| IV | Dependent variable of sleep quality: AOR (95%CI)a or B (SE)b | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSQI globala | SSQb | SLb | SEb | S.DURb | S.DISTb | UoSMb | D.DYSb | |
| Age | 1.19(0.98,1.44) | 0.04(0.03) | 0.001(0.04) | -0.02(0.05) | 0.09(0.04)* | 0.05(0.02)* | 0.06(0.02)* | -0.003(0.03) |
| Gender | 1.18(0.98,1.41) | 0.01(0.03) | 0.11(0.04) | 0.17(0.05)** | -0.02(0.04) | 0.05(0.02)* | 0.001(0.02) | 0.06(0.03)* |
| Residence | 1.50(1.16,1.81) | 0.09(0.04) | 0.13(0.05) | 0.16(0.06)* | -0.04(0.05) | 0.003(0.03) | -0.04(0.03) | 0.03(0.04) |
| Family | 1.08(0.90,1.30) | -0.04(0.03) | 0.07(0.04) | 0.03(0.05) | -0.06(0.04) | -0.03(0.02) | -0.04(0.02) | -0.04(0.03) |
| University | 1.21(0.94,1.30) | 0.07(0.03)* | 0.01(0.04) | -0.04(0.05) | 0.05(0.04) | 0.04(0.02) | 0.01(0.02) | 0.09(0.03) |
| MBBS | 1.15(0.92,1.43) | 0.07(0.04) | 0.09(0.05) | 0.10(0.06) | 0.05(0.04) | -0.003 (0.03) | 0.02(0.03) | -0.07(0.04) |
| Smoking | 0.77(0.57,1.03) | -0.09(0.05) | -0.03(0.06) | -0.22 (0.07)* | -0.008(0.06) | -0.10(0.03)** | -0.10(0.04)** | -0.08(0.05) |
| Health status | 0.56(0.47,0.67) | -0.24(0.03)** | -0.24(0.04)** | -0.07(0.05) | -0.05(0.04) | -0.11 (0.02)** | -0.05(0.02)* | -0.20(0.03)** |
| Symptom | 0.62(0.39,0.99) | -0.13(0.07) | 0.08(0.09) | -0.14(0.11) | 0.01(0.08) | -0.19 (0.05)** | -0.16(0.05)** | -0.15(0.07)* |
| Diagnosis | 0.66(0.33,1.31) | -0.14(0.11) | -0.12(0.13) | 0.03(0.16) | -0.08(0.12) | -0.11(0.07) | -0.15(0.08) | 0.05(0.11) |
| Live | 0.58(0.40,0.85) | -0.10(0.06) | -0.06(0.08) | 0.09(0.09) | -0.17(0.07) | 0.16(0.04)** | -0.13(0.04)** | -0.24(0.06) |
| Instruction | 1.12(0.87,1.44) | 0.02(0.04) | 0.02(0.06) | -0.02(0.07) | 0.07(0.05) | 0.01(0.03) | 0.13(0.03)** | 0.01(0.04) |
| Sal. | 1.03(1.00,1.06) | -0.004(0.005) | 0.01(0.006) | -0.002(0.007) | -0.003(0.005) | 0.01(0.003)** | 0.01(0.003)** | 0.01(0.005) |
| EU | 1.12(1.09,1.15) | 0.04(0.005)** | 0.05(0.006)** | 0.001(0.008) | 0.03(0.006)** | 0.002(0.003) | 0.005(0.004) | 0.03(0.005)** |
| NW | 0.99(0.96,1.02) | 0.002(0.006) | -0.02(0.007)* | -0.007(0.009) | -0.01(0.01) | 0.009(0.004)* | 0.002(0.004) | 0.04(0.006)** |
| Anti. | 1.01(0.96,1.06) | 0.005(0.008) | 0.005(0.01) | -0.01(0.01) | 0.01(0.01) | 0.02(0.06)** | 0.005(0.006) | 0.01(0.01) |
| LoC | 0.99(0.96,1.03) | -0.004(0.006) | 0.0004(0.008) | 0.02(0.01) | -0.01(0.01) | -0.003(0.004) | -0.02(0.004)** | 0.01(0.01) |
| NSL | 1.02(0.97,1.07) | 0.02(0.008) | 0.001(0.01) | 0.01(0.001) | 0.01(0.01) | 0.02(0.006)** | 0.03(0.006)** | 0.002(0.008) |
Note. IV = independent variable; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SSQ = subjective sleep quality; SL = sleep latency; S.DUR = sleep duration; SE = sleep efficiency; S.DIST = sleep disturbance; UoSM = use of sleep medicine; D.DYS = daytime dysfunction; Sal. = salience; EU = excessive use; NW = neglect work; Anti. = anticipation; LoC = lack of control; NSL = neglect social life; Family = family system; University = university sector; MBBS = year of MBBS; Smoking = smoking history; Symptom = COVID-19-related symptom; Diagnosis = COVID-19 diagnosis; Live = live with COVID-19 infected individuals; Instruction = follow COVID-19 instructions.
Reference groups were: age (adolescents); gender (males); residence (rural); family system (joint); university sector (public); year of MBBS (junior); smoking history (yes); health status (poor); COVID-19 related symptoms (no); COVID-19 diagnosis (no); live with COVID-19 infected individuals (no); and follow COVID-19 instructions (no).
a Reported in adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) by logistic regression model.
b Reported in unstandardized coefficient with standard error (SE) by linear regression model.