Table 2. Comparisons of the number of respondents (N = 5986) who (a) fed birds frequently, (b) had a bird box or (c) pond in their garden, relative to the estimates reported for the UK population by Davies et al. [25].

Grouping	Garden wildlife factor	Observed	Expected	X21	p	SIG
2018	Fed birds	307 (0.61)	258.06 (0.51)	9.28	0.002	*
(N = 506)
	Bird box	286 (0.57)	106.26 (0.21)	304.03	< 0.001	*
	Pond	145 (0.29)	80.96 (0.16)	50.66	< 0.001	*
2019	Fed birds	224 (0.56)	205.02 (0.51)	1.76	0.185
(N = 402)	Bird box	170 (0.42)	84.42 (0.21)	86.76	< 0.001	*
	Pond	93 (0.23)	64.32 (0.16)	12.79	< 0.001	*
2020	Fed birds	4336 (0.85)	2589.78 (0.51)	1177.43	< 0.001	*
(N = 5078)	Bird box	3611 (0.71)	1066.38 (0.21)	6072.03	< 0.001	*
	Pond	2151 (0.42)	812.48 (0.16)	2151.75	< 0.001	*
Made highway	Fed birds	2328 (0.89)	1338.24 (0.51)	732.02	< 0.001	*
(N = 2624)	Bird box	2009 (0.76)	551.04 (0.21)	3857.52	< 0.001	*
	Pond	1212 (0.46)	420 (0.16)	1493.49	< 0.001	*
Not made highway	Fed birds	2539 (0.76)	1714.62 (0.51)	396.36	< 0.001	*
	Bird box	2058 (0.61)	706.02 (0.21)	2588.95	< 0.001	*
(N = 3362)
	Pond	1177 (0.35)	537.92 (0.16)	759.26	< 0.001	*
Heard of HS	Fed birds	4638 (0.84)	2812.65 (0.51)	1184.61	< 0.001	*
(N = 5515)	Bird box	3958 (0.72)	1158.15 (0.21)	6768.69	< 0.001	*
	Pond	2299 (0.42)	882.4 (0.16)	2274.20	< 0.001	*
Not heard of HS	Fed birds	229 (0.49)	240.21 (0.51)	0.52	0.470
(N = 471)	Bird box	193 (0.41)	98.91 (0.21)	89.50	< 0.001	*
	Pond	90 (0.19)	75.36 (0.16)	2.84	0.092

Chi-squared test results are provided for all survey years (2018, 2019, 2020), for those respondents who had or had not made a hedgehog highway at the time of surveying, and those who had or had not heard of the Hedgehog Street campaign. Figures in parentheses in the observed and expected columns are the proportion of respondents.

* indicates difference is significant (p < 0.05) after applying Bonferroni correction (0.05 / 21 = 0.002) for multiple testing.