Figure 7. Optogenetic inhibition of corticothalamic neurons prevents negatively bias responses to motivationally-relevant stimuli.

(A) Schematic of viral stereotaxic injection of AAV1-CaMKIIa-eNpHR3.0-EYFP or AAV1-CaMKIIa-EYFP into mPFC and optic fiber over PVT. (B) Optical stimulation was delivered during presentation of the air-puff-predicting cue, during the 1 s delay before air-puff delivery and during air-puff delivery, only during learning. (C) Licking rates in EYFP (left, $n=3$), eNpHR3.0-eYFP (right, $n=5$) groups across conditioning, during odor and delay period (sucrose: blue, denatonium: red, no-outcome: black). (D) Licking rates during sucrose (blue square) and denatonium (red square) trials and during the eight probe trials of each mixed stimulus for EYFP (white circles), eNpHR3.0-EYFP (green circles) groups, during odor and delay period. Line and error bars represent the mean ± SEM.