Table 4.
Multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with ordinal COVID-19 severity outcomes in patients according to disease type
|
Giant cell arteritis (n=149) |
ANCA-associated vasculitis (n=266) |
Polymyalgia rheumatica (n=291) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI)* | p value | OR (95% CI)* | p value | OR (95% CI)* | p value | ||
| Age, per decade of life | 1·89 (1·27–2·83) | 0·0019 | 1·60 (1·33–1·91) | <0·001 | 2·75 (2·00–3·80) | <0·001 | |
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 1·00 (ref) | .. | 1·00 (ref) | .. | 1·00 (ref) | .. | |
| Male | 1·20 (0·56–2·55) | 0·64 | 1·37 (0·83–2·26) | 0·21 | 1·54 (0·89–2·67) | 0·12 | |
| Time period | |||||||
| June 15, 2020, or before | 1·00 (ref) | .. | 1·00 (ref) | .. | 1·00 (ref) | .. | |
| June 16, 2020, to Sept 30, 2020 | 0·72 (0·22–2·34) | 0·59 | 0·82 (0·39–1·71) | 0·59 | 0·59 (0·24–1·44) | 0·25 | |
| Oct 1, 2020, to April 12, 2021 | 0·28 (0·13–0·62) | 0·0015 | 0·47 (0·27–0·81) | 0·0062 | 0·28 (0·16–0·47) | <0·001 | |
| Medication | |||||||
| No DMARD | 1·00 (ref) | .. | 1·00 (ref) | .. | 1·00 (ref) | .. | |
| Methotrexate | 0·97 (0·34–2·71) | 0·95 | 0·79 (0·31–1·99) | 0·61 | 1·61 (0·85–3·07) | 0·15 | |
| Leflunomide | 4·93 (0·34–72·07) | 0·24 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| IL-6 inhibitor | 0·52 (0·20–1·33) | 0·17 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Azathioprine | .. | .. | 1·10 (0·54–2·24) | 0·79 | .. | .. | |
| Rituximab | .. | .. | 2·15 (1·15–4·01) | 0·016 | .. | .. | |
| Cyclophosphamide | .. | .. | 4·30 (1·10–16·75) | 0·036 | .. | .. | |
| Number of comorbidities | 1·48 (1·06–2·07) | 0·021 | 1·13 (0·89–1·42) | 0·31 | 1·27 (0·98–1·63) | 0·068 | |
| Smoking status | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Never smoker | 1·00 (ref) | .. | 1·00 (ref) | .. | 1·00 (ref) | .. | |
| Ever smoker | 0·93 (0·42–2·06) | 0·86 | 1·12 (0·61–2·05) | 0·71 | 0·80 (0·39–1·62) | 0·52 | |
| Body-mass index, mg/kg2 | |||||||
| <30 | 1·00 (ref) | .. | 1·00 (ref) | .. | 1·00 (ref) | .. | |
| ≥30 | 2·98 (1·18–7·55) | 0·021 | 1·35 (0·73–2·51) | 0·34 | 1·06 (0·55–2·05) | 0·87 | |
| Glucocorticoid (prednisolone equivalent) use, mg/day | |||||||
| 0 | 1·00 (ref) | .. | 1·00 (ref) | .. | 1·00 (ref) | .. | |
| 1–5 | 0·96 (0·39–2·34) | 0·92 | 1·67 (0·92–3·03) | 0·091 | 1·29 (0·60–2·79) | 0·52 | |
| 6–9 | 1·75 (0·44–7·04) | 0·43 | 0·60 (0·21–1·69) | 0·33 | 1·30 (0·50–3·38) | 0·58 | |
| ≥10 | 2·89 (1·16–7·21) | 0·023 | 2·80 (1·36–5·79) | 0·0054 | 1·27 (0·52–3·12) | 0·60 | |
| Disease activity | |||||||
| Remission or low | 1·00 (ref) | .. | 1·00 (ref) | .. | 1·00 (ref) | .. | |
| Moderate, or high or severe | 3·14 (0·71–13·97) | 0·12 | 2·16 (1·01–4·31) | 0·028 | 1·99 (0·81–4·89) | 0·13 | |
This analysis includes only patients with studied factors (ie, medications). ANCA=antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. DMARD=disease-modifying antirheumatic drug. IL-6=interleukin 6. OR=odds ratio.
*
Adjusted for age, sex, time period, medication use category, number of comorbidities, smoking status, obesity, glucocorticoid use, disease activity, and region.