Figure 4.

The effects of sex and sex-linkage on the regression of an allele’s average fitness effect on its frequency ($\beta$). (A) Scatter plot of an allele’s absolute average effect on fitness ($|\alpha |$) and its MAF for females and males, on autosomes (left) and the X chromosome (right), respectively. The insets present fitted lines from a Gamma GLM of $|\alpha |$ as a function of MAF. (B) Scatter plot of $|\alpha |$ and MAF for autosomes and X-linked loci, in females (left) and males (right), respectively. Inset as above.