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. 2021 Nov 3;41(44):9223–9234. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2461-20.2021

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Bidirectional modulation of fear learning by optogenetic manipulation of BLA PV neurons. A, PV-Cre rats received infusions of Cre-dependent eNpHR3.0, eYFP, or ChR2 into BLA and application of fiber optic cannulae into the BLA. B–D, Location of fiber tips in BLA and eNpHR3.0 or ChR2 expression for each rat. Viral spread shown is specific to expression within the BLA and does not show occasional spread into adjacent regions. E, BLA PV photoinhibition during shock US augmented fear learning (eYFP, n = 8; eNpHR3.0, n = 8). F, BLA PV photoinhibtion during the intertrial interval had no effect (eYFP, n = 8; eNpHR3.0, n = 7). G, ChR2 (n = 7) photoexcitation during the shock US impaired fear learning compared with control (eYFP, n = 8). H, BLA PV photoinhibtion during shock omission (eYFP, n = 7; eNpHR3.0, n = 9) had no effect on fear extinction. Inset, Responding to the first CS of each extinction session. *p < 0.05.