Table 2.
Associations of Current Use of E-Cigarettes and Cannabis with COVID-19 Symptoms, Testing, and Diagnosis among College Student E-Cigarette Users.
|
COVID-19 Symptoms |
COVID-19 Test |
COVID-19 Diagnosis |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Student Characteristic | n (%) | AORa | 95% CI | n (%) | AORa | 95% CI | n (%) | AORa | 95% CI |
| Current E-Cigarette and Cannabis Use | |||||||||
| Exclusive e-cigarette use | 20 (5.2) | Ref | Ref | 317 (82.6) | Ref | Ref | 38 (12.0) | Ref | Ref |
| Concurrent e-cigarette and cannabis use | 94 (22.6) | 3.53*** | 1.96–6.36 | 367 (88.2) | 1.23 | 0.79–1.93 | 77 (21.0) | 1.85* | 1.15–2.98 |
| Age | – | 1.25** | 1.09–1.42 | – | 0.92 | 0.80–1.05 | – | 0.97 | 0.84–1.12 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 65 (15.7) | Ref | Ref | 355 (86.0) | Ref | Ref | 69 (19.4) | Ref | Ref |
| Female | 49 (12.7) | 1.56 | 0.92–2.65 | 329 (85.0) | 1.18 | 0.75–1.86 | 46 (14.0) | 0.55* | 0.35–0.87 |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 63 (12.8) | Ref | Ref | 425 (86.2) | Ref | Ref | 85 (20.0) | Ref | Ref |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 22 (32.8) | 1.15 | 0.54–2.45 | 63 (94.0) | 1.29 | 0.41–4.07 | 4 (6.4) | 0.34 | 0.11–1.05 |
| Non-Hispanic Other/Multiracial | 15 (12.8) | 1.58 | 0.77–3.24 | 92 (78.6) | 0.73 | 0.41–1.28 | 10 (10.9) | 0.40* | 0.19–0.84 |
| Hispanic | 14 (11.4) | 0.94 | 0.43–2.04 | 104 (84.6) | 1.26 | 0.69–2.29 | 16 (15.4) | 0.77 | 0.41–1.44 |
| Sexual Orientation | |||||||||
| Heterosexual | 65 (10.3) | Ref | Ref | 539 (85.3) | Ref | Ref | 91 (16.9) | Ref | Ref |
| LGBTQ | 49 (29.2) | 1.28 | 0.74–2.23 | 145 (86.3) | 0.76 | 0.44–1.31 | 24 (16.6) | 1.05 | 0.61–1.82 |
| University Site | |||||||||
| University in Texas | 21 (6.1) | Ref | Ref | 261 (75.7) | Ref | Ref | 42 (16.1) | Ref | Ref |
| University in Arkansas | 70 (34.5) | 1.90 | 0.71–5.06 | 194 (95.6) | 8.52*** | 3.04–23.84 | 20 (10.3) | 0.23** | 0.09–0.59 |
| University in Indiana | 15 (7.6) | 1.03 | 0.49–2.18 | 187 (94.9) | 5.72*** | 2.79–11.75 | 40 (21.4) | 1.06 | 0.61–1.84 |
| University in Ohio | 8 (14.6) | 2.28 | 0.87–5.96 | 42 (76.4) | 1.00 | 0.48–2.05 | 13 (31.0) | 1.62 | 0.72–3.62 |
| Fraternity/Sorority Membership | |||||||||
| No | 62 (10.5) | Ref | Ref | 497 (84.1) | Ref | Ref | 76 (15.3) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 52 (24.9) | 0.99 | 0.57–1.71 | 187 (89.5) | 1.06 | 0.62–1.84 | 39 (20.9) | 1.68* | 1.03–2.73 |
| Current Residence | |||||||||
| Off campus housing | 36 (7.9) | Ref | Ref | 374 (82.2) | Ref | Ref | 65 (17.4) | Ref | Ref |
| Campus residence hall | 41 (19.2) | 1.27 | 0.63–2.59 | 199 (93.0) | 1.16 | 0.58–2.33 | 30 (15.1) | 1.44 | 0.78–2.65 |
| Other university housing | 25 (34.7) | 2.14 | 0.98–4.66 | 66 (91.7) | 1.56 | 0.62–3.95 | 14 (21.2) | 1.18 | 0.57–2.43 |
| Parent's home | 12 (20.3) | 0.87 | 0.35–2.16 | 45 (76.3) | 0.42* | 0.20–0.89 | 6 (13.3) | 1.07 | 0.39–2.94 |
| Current Combustible Cigarette Smoking | |||||||||
| No | 27 (6.0) | Ref | Ref | 379 (83.5) | Ref | Ref | 57 (15.0) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 87 (25.1) | 1.29 | 0.68–2.46 | 305 (88.2) | 0.86 | 0.52–1.42 | 58 (19.0) | 1.22 | 0.74–2.01 |
| Current Cigar Smoking | |||||||||
| No | 40 (6.9) | Ref | Ref | 483 (83.6) | Ref | Ref | 77 (15.9) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 74 (33.3) | 1.32 | 0.64–2.69 | 201 (90.5) | 1.60 | 0.85–3.02 | 38 (18.9) | 1.66 | 0.91–3.03 |
| Current Smokeless Tobacco Use | |||||||||
| No | 40 (6.5) | Ref | Ref | 515 (84.0) | Ref | Ref | 87 (16.9) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 74 (39.6) | 2.81* | 1.17–6.72 | 169 (90.4) | 0.69 | 0.32–1.50 | 28 (16.6) | 1.10 | 0.51–2.38 |
Abbreviations: e-cigarette, electronic cigarette; coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference category.
a Multivariable logistic regression model includes current e-cigarette and cannabis use and the covariates.
***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.