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Effect of PM2.5 exposure on the expression of liver injury and inflammation-related biomarkers. (a–e) The circulating concentrations of AST (a), ALT (b), TBIL (c), IL-6 (d), and TNF-α (e) in response to PM2.5 exposure. (f, g) PM2.5-induced cytokine mRNA expression of IL-6 (f) and TNF-α (g) in the rat liver. Values are shown as the mean ± standard error of 12 rats/group. ∗p < 0.05, and ∗∗p < 0.01.
