Table 2.
Comparison of the baseline characteristics between stroke and nonstroke groups.
| Variables | Nonstroke group (n = 8,213) | Stroke group (n = 310) | Statistic | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SE | 46.47 ± 0.35 | 63.93 ± 1.28 | t = −13.62 | <0.001 |
| Gender, n (%) | χ 2 = 1.246 | 0.264 | ||
| Male | 4045 (48.74) | 156 (44.01) | ||
| Female | 4168 (51.26) | 154 (55.99) | ||
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SE | 28.75 ± 0.10 | 30.16 ± 0.36 | t = −3.60 | 0.001 |
| Race, n (%) | χ 2 = 12.177 | 0.007 | ||
| Mexican Americans | 1492 (8.44) | 27 (3.78) | ||
| Other races | 1172 (9.96) | 27 (6.68) | ||
| Non-Hispanic whites | 4108 (71.44) | 186 (76.23) | ||
| Non-Hispanic blacks | 1441 (10.16) | 70 (13.31) | ||
| Marital status, n (%) | χ 2 = 25.660 | <0.001 | ||
| Married | 4396 (57.59) | 166 (53.30) | ||
| Widowed/divorced | 1804 (17.48) | 109 (32.20) | ||
| Unmarried | 1353 (17.20) | 24 (7.71) | ||
| Living with partner | 660 (7.74) | 11 (6.80) | ||
| Educational level, n (%) | χ 2 = 37.712 | <0.001 | ||
| <high school | 2291 (18.13) | 117 (29.97) | ||
| High school | 1931 (23.40) | 79 (29.04) | ||
| >high school | 3991 (58.47) | 114 (40.99) | ||
| Family income, n (%) | χ 2 = 14.866 | <0.001 | ||
| <20,000$ | 1989 (16.68) | 111 (26.77) | ||
| ≥20,000$ | 6224 (83.32) | 199 (73.23) | ||
| Drinking, n (%) | 2228 (22.66) | 109 (36.32) | χ 2 = 25.510 | <0.001 |
| Emphysema, n (%) | 179 (1.75) | 24 (7.22) | χ 2 = 42.304 | <0.001 |
| Chronic bronchitis, n (%) | 431 (4.79) | 43 (17.71) | χ 2 = 61.132 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 2773 (29.23) | 249 (75.83) | χ 2 = 194.882 | <0.001 |
| High cholesterol, n (%) | 3364 (38.86) | 183 (55.70) | χ 2 = 28.263 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 939 (8.00) | 106 (30.64) | χ 2 = 168.476 | <0.001 |
| Dietary intake, mean ± SE | ||||
| Dietary fiber | 16.74 ± 0.28 | 14.48 ± 0.71 | t = 3.36 | 0.002 |
| Total fat | 83.32 ± 0.76 | 70.44 ± 4.55 | t = 3.04 | 0.005 |
| Fruits | 1.00 ± 0.03 | 0.93 ± 0.08 | t = 0.92 | 0.366 |
| Vegetables | 1.59 ± 0.03 | 1.38 ± 0.07 | t = 3.14 | 0.004 |
| Vitamin A | 633.17 ± 10.04 | 597.84 ± 41.66 | t = 0.89 | 0.381 |
| Vitamin B | 2.24 ± 0.02 | 1.89 ± 0.09 | t = 4.06 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin C | 84.80 ± 1.97 | 74.84 ± 5.03 | t = 2.00 | 0.054 |
| Vitamin E | 7.93 ± 0.11 | 6.71 ± 0.41 | t = 3.28 | 0.003 |
| TC, nmol/L, mean ± SE | 197.05 ± 0.72 | 191.52 ± 3.95 | t = 1.37 | 0.179 |
| GHb, nmol/L, mean ± SE | 5.58 ± 0.01 | 6.09 ± 0.08 | t = −6.67 | <0.001 |
| HDL, nmol/L, mean ± SE | 52.81 ± 0.37 | 49.53 ± 1.05 | t = 2.97 | 0.006 |
| CRP, nmol/L, mean ± SE | 0.37 ± 0.01 | 0.67 ± 0.09 | t = −3.55 | 0.001 |
| 25(OH)D, nmol/L, n (%) | χ 2 = 9.357 | 0.025 | ||
| Deficiency (<30) | 715 (6.11) | 34 (11.01) | ||
| Insufficiency (30-50) | 1957 (18.64) | 69 (21.00) | ||
| Normal (50-125) | 5385 (72.59) | 200 (65.66) | ||
| Adequacy (≥125) | 156 (2.66) | 7 (2.34) |
Notes: BMI: body mass index; TC: total cholesterol; GHb: glycated hemoglobin; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; CRP: C-reactive protein; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Values were presented as mean ± standard error (SE) or median and quartile (M (Q1 and Q3)) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. In the NHANES 2007–2018 study, exam weight was taken into account.