Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Baseline characteristics of UNOS liver transplantation candidates between 2016 to 2019 (n = 30,533) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No ACLF | ACLF (any grade) | p value† | ACLF-1 | ACLF-2 | ACLF-3 | p value‡ | |
| Number of patients (%) | 20,384 (66.7) | 10,149 (33.3) | 4,843 (15.9) | 3,147 (10.3) | 2,159 (7.1) | ||
| Age (median [IQR]) | 59 [52, 64] | 55 [47, 62] | <0.001 | 58 [50, 64] | 53 [44, 60] | 53 [43, 60] | <0.001 |
| Male gender | 13,240 (65) | 6094 (60) | <0.001 | 2,905 (60.0) | 1,919 (61.0) | 1,270 (58.8) | <0.001 |
| BMI (median [IQR]) | 28 [25, 33] | 29 [25, 33] | <0.001 | 28 [24, 33] | 29 [25, 34] | 30 [26, 35] | <0.001 |
| Days waiting (median [IQR]) | 58 [14, 193] | 12 [4, 40] | <0.001 | 27 [9, 93] | 8 [4, 20] | 5 [3, 10] | <0.001 |
| Status after waiting | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Censored (December 31, 2019) | 986 (4.8) | 185 (1.8) | 129 (2.7) | 43 (1.4) | 13 (0.6) | ||
| Deceased | 2,229 (10.9) | 1,745 (17.2) | 810 (16.7) | 451 (14.3) | 484 (22.4) | ||
| Transplanted | 8,681 (42.6) | 7,247 (71.4) | 3,187 (65.8) | 2,472 (78.6) | 1,588 (73.6) | ||
| Removed | 8,488 (41.6) | 972 (9.6) | 717 (14.8) | 181 (5.8) | 74 (3.4) | ||
| Grouped cause of disease (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Cirrhosis HCV∗ | 3,084 (15.1) | 917 (9.0) | 556 (11.5) | 205 (6.5) | 156 (7.2) | ||
| NASH∗ | 4,359 (21.4) | 1,969 (19.4) | 1,184 (24.4) | 500 (15.9) | 285 (13.2) | ||
| Cirrhosis alcohol-induced∗ | 5,252 (25.8) | 4,057 (40.0) | 1,680 (34.7) | 1,431 (45.5) | 946 (43.8) | ||
| Cirrhosis other∗ | 2,976 (14.6) | 1,778 (17.5) | 682 (14.1) | 616 (19.6) | 480 (22.2) | ||
| Cholestatic disease | 1,810 (8.9) | 612 (6.0) | 343 (7.1) | 182 (5.8) | 87 (4.0) | ||
| Metabolic disease | 408 (2.0) | 245 (2.4) | 112 (2.3) | 81 (2.6) | 52 (2.4) | ||
| Malignant/benign tumor | 2,119 (10.4) | 266 (2.6) | 194 (4.0) | 42 (1.3) | 30 (1.4) | ||
| Other | 376 (1.8) | 305 (3.0) | 92 (1.9) | 90 (2.9) | 123 (5.7) | ||
| MELD-Na score (median [IQR]) | 15 [10, 20] | 30 [25, 35] | <0.001 | 27 [22, 31] | 33 [29, 37] | 37 [31, 42] | <0.001 |
| Bacterial peritonitis (%) | 1,560 (7.7) | 1,533 (15.1) | <0.001 | 643 (13.3) | 508 (16.1) | 329 (17.4) | <0.001 |
| Failure organ/system (%) | |||||||
| Liver | 540 (2.6) | 4,789 (47.2) | <0.001 | 1,018 (21.0) | 2,007 (63.8) | 1,764 (81.7) | <0.001 |
| Kidney | 0 (0.0) | 6,457 (63.6) | <0.001 | 2,958 (61.1) | 1,717 (54.6) | 1,782 (82.5) | <0.001 |
| Coagulation | 254 (1.2) | 3,699 (36.4) | <0.001 | 667 (13.8) | 1,613 (51.3) | 1,419 (65.7) | <0.001 |
| Cerebral | 806 (4.0) | 2,095 (20.6) | <0.001 | 164 (3.4) | 697 (22.1) | 1,234 (57.2) | <0.001 |
| Circulatory | 22 (0.1) | 1,193 (11.8) | <0.001 | 36 (0.7) | 221 (7.0) | 936 (43.4) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory | 0 (0.0) | 662 (6.5) | <0.001 | 0 (0.0) | 39 (1.2) | 623 (28.9) | <0.001 |
p values were derived with non-parametric and chi-square tests.
NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, MELD-Na, model for end-stage liver disease-sodium
∗
These patients received cirrhosis = 1 in the JM
†
Comparison between patients with ACLF and without ACLF (chi-square and ANOVA tests).
‡
Comparison between ACLF grades (chi-square and ANOVA tests).