Table 2.

Summary of animal models of DMD generated by the CRISPR-Cas system

Subject	Animal	Strategy	Nuclease	DMD mutation	Target gene region(s)	Strain	Delivery	Reference
Disease modeling	mouse	exon deletion	SpCas9	DMD exon 45 deletion	DMD intron 44 and 45	C57BL/10 and DBA/2	microinjection	81
			SpCas9	Dmd exon 50 deletion	Dmd intron 49 and 50	C57BL/6J	not indicated	49
			SpCas9	Dmd exon 44 deletion	Dmd intron 43 and 44	C57BL/6J	microinjection	47
			SpCas9	Dmd exon 8–34 deletion	Dmd intron 7 and 34	C57BL/6J xCBA	microinjection	83
			SpCas9	Dmd exon 50 deletion	Dmd intron 49 and 50	not indicated	not indicated	84
			SpCas9	Dmd exon 43, 45, and 52 deletion	Dmd intron 42 and 43 Dmd intron 44 and 45 Dmd intron 51 and 52	C57BL/6	microinjection	85
		frameshift mutation	CjCas9	Dmd frameshift mutation in exon 23	Dmd exon 23	C57BL/6J	microinjection	40
		base editing	BE3	Dmd nonsense mutation in exon 20	Dmd exon 20	C57BL/6J and ICR mice	microinjection and electroporation	82
	rat	exon deletion	SpCas9	Dmd exon 3–16 deletions	Dmd exon 3 and exon 16	Wistar-Imamichi rats	microinjection	86
	rabbit	frameshift mutation	SpCas9	DMD frameshift mutation in exon 51	DMD exon 51	New Zealand rabbits	microinjection	87
	pig	base editing	BE3, hA3A-BE3	DMD nonsense mutation in exon 13	DMD exon 13	Bama miniature pigs and large white pigs	microinjection	88
	monkey	frameshift mutation	SpCas9	DMD frameshift mutation in exon 4 and/or exon 46	DMD exon 4 and/or exon 46	Macaca mulatta rhesus monkeys	microinjection	89

BE3, base editor 3; hA3A-BE3, hAPOBEC3A base editor 3; hDMD, humanized DMD.