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. 2021 Oct 18;29(11):3153–3162. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.10.001

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic of a sample of gene editing methods

ZFN and TALEN use FokI nonspecific nuclease in addition to DNA binding domains to induce site-specific cleavage. ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR-Cas9 create double-strand DNA breaks, which can induce gene knockout by non-homologous end joining. Double-strand breaks can also be repaired by homology-directed repair in the presence of a donor DNA template, resulting in insertion of a transgene (e.g., knock-in). CRISPR-Cas13 cleaves RNA, and base editors introduce site-specific DNA point mutations. Adapted from “CRISPR/Cas9 (crRNA, tracrRNA),” “ZFN and TALEN nucleases for gene editing,” and “CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing,” by BioRender.com (2021). Retrieved from https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates.