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Genome editing mechanisms of base editors, prime editors, and nucleases
(A) Nuclease-mediated editing. (B) Cytidine base editing. (C) Adenine base editing. (D) Prime editing. PAM, protospacer-adjacent motif; UGI, uracil glycosylase inhibitor domain; Cas9n, Cas9 nickase; sgRNA, single guide RNA; pegRNA, prime editor guide RNA; HITI, homology-independent targeted integration; HDR, homology-directed repair.
