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. 2021 Nov 5;11:21725. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01217-2

Figure 3.

Figure 3

NF-kappaB activation and preventive effect of diosmectite. (a) Western blot analysis of protein lysates from Caco-2 cells treated for 24 h with different concentrations of spike protein RBD (Spike) and heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) as indicated. (b) Western blot analysis of protein lysates from Caco-2 cells treated with spike protein RBD (100 ng/mL) and heat-inactivated CoV-2 (100 ng/mL) for 24 h alone and after pretreatment with diosmectite (DS). The upper line was blotted with anti-pNF-kappaB antibodies and the lower line was blotted with anti-tubulin antibodies as a loading control. A representative image from three independent experiments is shown. The relative levels of pNF-kappaB were normalized to tubulin levels. Bars indicate the means and lines the standard deviations of the three independent experiments. Student’s t-test. *p ≤ 0.05. SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, DS diosmectite, NF-kappaB nuclear factor kappaB, NT not treated, p65 primary antibody for NF-kappaB, pNF-kappaB phosphorylated NF-kappaB. Full-length blots/gels are presented in Supplementary Fig. S3.