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. 2021 Nov 5;12:6426. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26727-5

Fig. 4. Overexpression of AtALA7 promotes the transport of CIA to vacuoles and enhances the resistance of Arabidopsis and tobacco to CIA and V. dahliae.

Fig. 4

a In the presence of CIA, the growth of wild-type seedlings was significantly inhibited, and the inhibition was more severe in the ala7 mutant; in contrast, 35S::AtALA7 seedlings showed resistance to the toxin. Seedlings were grown on MS media containing CIA (100 μg/mL) for 9 d. WT, wild-type; ala7 and ala7-24, AtALA7 loss-of-function mutant; OE-9 and OE-12, 35S::AtALA7 lines. Scale bar, 1 cm. b Root length of the wild-type, ala7 mutant and AtALA7-overexpressing seedlings with or without CIA treatment. Data are presented as box-and-whisker plots of three replicates (nine plants each). c Proportion of bleached leaves suffering from CIA treatment. Data are presented as box-and-whisker plots of three replicates (nine plants each). d Distribution of CIAFITC in root cells of wild-type, mutant (ala7, ala7-24), and AtALA7-overexpressing lines (OE-9, OE-12). Scale bar, 10 μm. e Fluorescence intensity per vacuole in root cells of wild-type, mutant (ala7, ala7-24) and 35S::AtALA7-overexpressing plants (OE-9). Data are shown as dot plots (n = 20 vacuoles). Fluorescence intensity was estimated by ImageJ. f Verticillium wilt symptoms of wild-type, mutant (ala7, ala7-24), and AtALA7-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines (OE-9, OE-12). Plants were inoculated with V. dahliae strain L2-1 (3 mL, 2 × 108 spores/mL) for 21 d. Scale bar, 2 cm. g Disease index of wild-type, mutant (ala7, ala7-24), and AtALA7-overexpressing lines (OE-9 and OE-12). Data are shown as dot plots of three replicates (30 plants each). h Relative fungal biomass of V. dahliae shown as dot plots of three replicates (eight plants per group). i Verticillium wilt symptoms of wild-type and AtALA7 transgenic tobacco lines (# 21 and # 22). Seedlings were inoculated with V. dahliae strain V991 (10 mL, 2 × 108 spores/mL) and photographed at 3 weeks. The white arrow indicates diseased leaves. Scale bar, 2 cm. j Disease index of wild-type and AtALA7 transgenic tobacco plants. Data are presented as dot plots of three replicates (30 plants each). Box-and-whisker plots show the medians (horizontal lines), upper and lower quartiles (box edges), and 1.5× the interquartile range (whiskers). Different letters in b, c, e, g, h, and j represent significant differences at P < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparisons test. n.s., not significant.