Table 10.

Mean and standard deviation (S.D.) of pre-/post-tests of groups that used the app.

	Gamification	Mean of correct answer rate			S.D.		t-test
		Pre	Post	Change	Pre	Post	t-value	p-value
A-1	Yes	0.795	0.888	0.093	0.143	0.086	2.819	<0.05
A-2	No	0.769	0.876	0.107	0.160	0.107	3.050	<0.05
B-1	Yes	0.769	0.907	0.138	0.146	0.089	3.641	<0.05
B-2	No	0.821	0.960	0.139	0.057	0.040	5.982	<0.05
B-3	N.A.	0.784	0.837	0.053	0.141	0.115	1.662	0.108
C-1	Yes	0.821	0.904	0.083	0.122	0.089	1.766	0.105
C-2	N.A.	0.855	0.889	0.034	0.084	0.089	1.272	0.239