Table 2.
Differences in mean sleep blood pressure among CARDIA participants with actigraphy-assessed short and long sleep duration compared to those with normal sleep duration.
| Sleep Duration Categories | P-value | P-interaction by race* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short sleep duration (<6 hours) (n=90) |
Normal sleep duration (6-8.9 hours) (n=420) |
Long sleep duration (≥9 hours) (n=137) |
Short vs Normal sleep duration | Long vs Normal sleep duration | Short sleep duration | Long sleep duration | |
| Mean sleep SBP, mm Hg (SD) | 114.5 (15.6) | 111.1 (15.0) | 113.8 (16.8) | 0.029 | 0.083 | 0.767 | 0.786 |
| Adjusted difference (95% CI) | |||||||
| Model 1 | 2.1 (−1.4, 5.5) |
0 (ref) | 2.6 (−0.4, 5.6) |
0.240 | 0.088 | 0.958 | 0.657 |
| Model 2 | 1.3 (−2.0, 4.6) |
0 (ref) | 2.8 (−0.03, 5.7) |
0.444 | 0.053 | 0.794 | 0.856 |
| Model 3 | −0.3 (−2.9, 2.2) |
0 (ref) | 2.1 (−0.4, 4.5) |
0.796 | 0.103 | 0.165 | 0.675 |
| Model 4 | 0.4 (−1.9, 2.7) |
0 (ref) | 2.1 (0.2, 4.0) |
0.728 | 0.033 | 0.156 | 0.240 |
| Model 5 | 0.6 (−1.7, 2.9) |
0 (ref) | 2.1 (0.2, 4.1) |
0.602 | 0.028 | 0.188 | 0.266 |
| Mean sleep DBP, mm Hg (SD) | 68.2 (10.2) | 66.2 (8.9) | 68.4 (8.9) | 0.035 | 0.007 | 0.433 | 0.243 |
| Adjusted difference | |||||||
| Model 1 | 1.1 (−1.1, 3.3) |
0 (ref) | 2.4 (0.8, 4.0) |
0.327 | 0.004 | 0.544 | 0.253 |
| Model 2 | 0.6 (−1.5, 2.7) |
0 (ref) | 2.5 (0.9, 4.0) |
0.559 | 0.002 | 0.491 | 0.136 |
| Model 3 | 0.1 (−1.7, 1.9) |
0 (ref) | 1.7 (0.3, 3.1) |
0.919 | 0.014 | 0.333 | 0.198 |
| Model 4 | 0.2 (−1.4, 1.8) |
0 (ref) | 1.7 (0.5, 2.9) |
0.828 | 0.005 | 0.252 | 0.578 |
| Model 5 | 0.3 (−1.3, 1.9) |
0 (ref) | 1.7 (0.5, 3.0) |
0.732 | 0.005 | 0.280 | 0.543 |
Model 1 includes adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index and field center.
Model 2 includes variables in Model 1 and additional adjustment for diabetes, education level, alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, estimated glomerular filtration ratio <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, albumin to creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g, antihypertensive medication use, CES-Depression score ≥16, and high likelihood of obstructive sleep apnea.
Model 3 includes variables in Model 2 and additional adjustment for mean clinic SBP or DBP for the outcomes of sleep SBP or DBP respectively.
Model 4 includes variables in Model 3 and additional adjustment for mean awake SBP or DBP for the outcomes of sleep SBP or DBP respectively.
Model 5 includes variables in Model 4 and additional adjustment for self-reported sleep quality during ABPM.
The tests for interaction are between race and sleep duration categories on mean sleep SBP and, separately, on mean sleep DBP.
ABPM=ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
CES: Center for Epidemiological Studies
DBP=diastolic blood pressure
SBP=systolic blood pressure
SD= standard deviation
CI= confidence interval