Table 3.

Prevalence ratios for nocturnal hypertension associated with actigraphy-assessed sleep duration.

	Sleep Duration Categories			P-interaction by race*
	Short sleep duration (<6 hours) (n=90)	Normal sleep duration (6-8.9 hours) (n=420)	Long sleep duration (≥9 hours) (n=137)	Short sleep duration	Long sleep duration
Nocturnal Hypertension, %	45.5	35.9	47.1	0.542	0.717
Prevalence Ratio (95% CI)
Model 1	1.07 (0.84-1.38)	1 (Ref)	1.30 (1.05-1.60)	0.484	0.684
Model 2	1.05 (0.82-1.34)	1 (Ref)	1.31 (1.06-1.63)	0.389	0.806
Model 3	0.94 (0.73-1.20)	1 (Ref)	1.28 (1.04-1.57)	0.763	0.786
Model 4	0.94 (0.74-1.20)	1 (Ref)	1.25 (1.02-1.53)	0.720	0.603
Model 5	0.95 (0.74-1.22)	1 (Ref)	1.26 (1.03-1.54)	0.669	0.646

Model 1 includes adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index and field center.

Model 2 includes variables in Model 1 and additional adjustment for diabetes, education level, alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, estimated glomerular filtration ratio <60 mL/min per 1.73 m², albumin to creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g, antihypertensive medication use, CES-Depression score ≥16, and high likelihood of obstructive sleep apnea.

Model 3 includes variables in Model 2 and additional adjustment for mean clinic blood pressure.

Model 4 includes variables in Model 3 and additional adjustment for mean awake blood pressure.

Model 5 includes variables in Model 4 and additional adjustment for self-reported sleep quality on ABPM.

^*The tests for interaction are between race and sleep duration categories on nocturnal hypertension.

ABPM=ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

CES= Center for Epidemiological Studies

CI= confidence interval

Ref=referent group