Table 4.

Prevalence ratios for non-dipping systolic blood pressure associated with actigraphy-assessed sleep duration.

	Sleep Duration Categories			P-interaction by race*
	Short sleep duration (<6 hours) (n=90)	Normal sleep duration (6-8.9 hours) (n=420)	Long sleep duration (≥9 hours) (n=137)	Short sleep duration	Long sleep duration
Non-dipping¥, %	26.1	28.2	37.5	0.003	0.304
Prevalence Ratio (95% CI)
Model 1	0.86 (0.58-1.27)	1 (Ref)	1.30 (1.00-1.68)	0.008	0.250
Model 2	0.82 (0.55-1.20)	1 (Ref)	1.30 (1.00-1.68)	0.010	0.279
Model 3	0.83 (0.56-1.21)	1 (Ref)	1.31 (1.01-1.69)	0.011	0.295
Model 4	0.82 (0.55-1.20)	1 (Ref)	1.31 (1.01-1.69)	0.008	0.307
Model 5	0.83 (0.56-1.22)	1 (Ref)	1.33 (1.03-1.72)	0.016	0.353

Model 1 includes adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index and field center.

Model 2 includes variables in Model 1 + additional adjustment for diabetes, education level, alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, estimated glomerular filtration ratio <60 mL/min per 1.73 m², albumin to creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g, antihypertensive medication use, CES-Depression score ≥16, and high likelihood of obstructive sleep apnea.

Model 3 includes variables in Model 2 and additional adjustment for mean clinic systolic blood pressure.

Model 4 includes variables in Model 3 and additional adjustment for mean 24-hour systolic blood pressure.

Model 5 includes variables in Model 4 and additional adjustment for self-reported sleep quality on ABPM.

^¥Non-dipping defined as mean sleep to awake systolic blood pressure ratio > 0.90.

^*The tests for interaction are between race and sleep duration categories on non-dipping systolic blood pressure.

ABPM=ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

CES= Center for Epidemiological Studies

CI= confidence interval

Ref=referent group