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. 2021 Oct 29;7(11):e08281. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08281

Table 1.

Seddon and Sunderland classification of nerve injury.

Seddon's classification Sunderland's classification Injured Tissue Spontaneous recovery Electromyography
Neurapraxia Grade I Myelin Yes Normal morphology and poor motor unit action potential recruitment
Axonotmesis Grade II Myelin, axon Yes, slower than neurapraxia Abnormal activity
Axonotmesis Grade III Myelin, axon, endoneurium Not very likely, surgical intervention may be needed
Axonotmesis Grade IV Myelin, axon, endoneurium, perineurium Highly unlikely, surgical intervention is necessary
Neurotmesis Grade V Myelin, axon, endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium No, surgical intervention is necessary Abnormal activity