Table 2.
Treatment outcome | Glycemic control | Hypoglycemia | Treatment success | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HbA1c, % (mmol/mol)a | CGM, % time-in-range | Severe hypoglycemia, events per y | CGM, % time < 54 mg/dl (3.0 mmol/L) | ||
Optimal | ≤6.5 (48) | ≥80 | None | 0 | Yes |
Good | <7.0 (53) | ≥70 | None | <1 | Yes |
Marginal | ≤Baseline | >Baseline | <Baselineb | <Baseline | Noc |
Failure | ~Baseline | ~Baseline | ~Baselined | ~Baseline | No |
β-cell graft functione | C-peptide, ng/mL (nmol/L) f | Insulin use or noninsulin antihyperglycemic therapy | |||
Optimal | Any | None | |||
Good | >0.5 (0.17) stimulated ≥0.2 (0.07) fasting |
Any | |||
Marginal | 0.3-0.5 (0.10-0.17) stimulated 0.1-<0.2 (0.04-<0.07) fasting |
Any | |||
Failure | <0.3 (0.10) stimulated <0.1 (0.04) fasting |
Any |
Baseline, pretransplant assessment (not applicable to total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation patients).
Abbreviations: CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.
a Mean glucose should be used to provide an estimate of the HbA1c, termed the glucose management indicator, in the setting of disordered red blood cell life span.
b Should severe hypoglycemia occur following treatment, then continued benefit may require assessment of hypoglycemia awareness, exposure to serious hypoglycemia (<54 mg/dL [3.0 mmol/L]), and/or glycemic variability/lability with demonstration of improvement from baseline.
c Clinically, benefits of maintaining and monitoring β-cell graft function may outweigh risks of maintaining immunosuppression.
d If severe hypoglycemia was not present before β-cell replacement therapy, then a return to baseline measures of glycemic control used as the indication for treatment (6, 7) may be consistent with β-cell graft failure.
e Categorization of β-cell graft function must first meet treatment outcome based on measures of glucose regulation.
f May not be reliable in uremic patients and/or in those patients with evidence of C-peptide production before β-cell replacement therapy.