A. Picture of muskmelon, Cucumis melo L (dry muskmelon pedicel) and chemical structure of cucurbitacin B; B & C. Cytotoxity of CuB on EA.hy926 and hBMSC; D. The in vitro angiogenesis assay of EA.hy926 treated by CuB; E. The in vitro osteogenesis assay of hBMSC treated by CuB. F & G. The effects of CuB with different concentrations on total master segments length, total length, total meshes area and number of meshes (n = 5, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, treatment groups versus ctrl group); H. Quantitative analysis of mineralization formation (n = 3, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, treatment groups versus ctrl group).